Acupuncture in Genitourinary & Related Conditions
2d. Summary of Points & Protocols for Urinary & General Disorders

EMERGENCIES & DISORDERS OF THE HEAD & NECK & THEIR FUNCTIONS
Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Emergencies
  • GV26, KI01, ST36, PC06, A_01, LI04, PC09, GV20, LU11, LI11
First aid
  • GV20, ST36, PC06, GB20, LV03, GV26, Z_03, LI04, Z_09, LU11
Addictions
  • ST36, SP06, LI04, BL13, PC06, CV12, BL21, CV06, LV03, GB08
Psyche & mental disorders
  • HT07, SP06, PC06, ST36, GB20, LI04, GV20, LV03, BL15, CV12
Brain, its functions & parts, meninges, polio, convulsions, memory, tetanus, CVA etc
  • LI04, LI11, ST36, GB34, ST06, LI15, GB20, GB30, ST04, GV14
Spinal cord
  • BL11, GV14, GV04, BL60, GV15, KI07, BL10, GV20, ST36, KI08
Convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus, tremor
  • GV14, ST36, LI04, GV26, KI01, GV20, LV03, LI11, GB20, PC06
Face, cheek
  • LI04, ST06, ST04, ST07, ST02, LI20, BL02, GB14, TH17, ST03
Forehead, frontal sinuses
  •      LI04, Z_03, GB14, BL02, GV23, Z_09, GB20, LU07, ST44, GV24
Head, forehead, vertex, occiput, temple, headaches, sinusitis etc
  • LI04, GB20, Z_09, GV20, LU07, Z_03, BL10, LI20, BL02, BL60
Mouth
  • LI04, LI11, ST04, ST06, PC08, GV12, GV27, LI07, Z_20, ST44
Neck & cervical spine
  • GB20, GV14, LI04, BL10, SI03, LI11, OT01, GB21, GB39, SI15
Occiput
  • GB20, BL10, SI03, BL60, GV15, BL65, LI04, LU07, GV20, OT05
Temple
  • Z_09, GB20, GB08, GB41, LI04, TH03, TH05, TH23, GB07, LU07
Thyroid, parathyroid
  • CV22, LI11, LI04, ST09, PC06, GB20, LI18, BL10, CV23, GV14
Vertex
  • GV20, GB20, LV03, KI01, LI04, BL07, GV19, BL60, GB11, SI03
DISORDERS OF THE UPPER BODY (BACK, SPINE, ARM, HEAD)
(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999))
Deafness, sudden
  • (A) GB02, LV03, GB43; (B) TH17, TH03, KI03; alternate the groups. Treat as needed. (309)
Depression
  • KI04 + PC04 (204)
Depression-delusion schizophrenia
  • PC06, Z_03->HT region (midway between BL01 points) +/- SP06; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Depression-simple schizophrenia
  • Z_01, GV15, PC06 +/- HT05, KI04; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Depression-strained schizophrenia
  • GV16, GV15, GV14, PC06 +/- SI03; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Dysaudia
  • TH05, SI03 (391)
Epistaxis
  • BL40-Weizhong, also called Xuexi (Blood Xi) is BL He Point; may be bled to Clear the Blood & Drain Heat. (177)
  • AP SP01, BL67, LU11, LI01, TH01 (all bilateral) + GV23; retain needles 20 min. (265)
Eye disorders
  •      KI04+ GB37 (204)
Hysteria
  • SI03 is Jiao of the 8 Extra Channels; it arises at the perineum. (320)
Hysterical aphasia
  • LV02, CV23; reduce. (262)
Hysterical paralysis
  • Lie patient face-up with both legs stretched. Swiftly insert 28 gauge 1.5" needle to 1" deep straight in at KI01. In unilateral paralysis, use ipsilateral KI01;paraplegia, use both KI01 points. Get Deqi to thigh, groin & lower abdomen; reinforce-reduce evenly & strongly2-3 min; retain15 min; manipulate every 5 min. Treat 1-3 times/d. Ask patient to bend or raise affected leg repeatedly. Help them to walk around immediately after AP. (290)
Mania
  • GV26->GV28, PC05, ST40 or GV26->GV28, CV15->CV14; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Manic-depression - adolescent schizophrenia
  • PC05, Z_03->HT region; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Manic-depression - psychotic
  • PC05, GV26->GV28; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Manic-depression - strained type
  • PC05, GV16, GV26->GV28; every 2 d, 3 times/wk. (140)
Migraine, chronic
  • GB20, ST08, GB08, LI04. Deqi from GB20 should reach affected area. (408)
Mumps (see testicle)
  • AP TH17, ST06, LI04; reduce; once/d for 3 d; Fever: add LI11; Swelling & pain: add LU11 (bleed) (391)
Pain in elbow, tennis elbow
  • TH05, SI08 (391)
Pain in phantom limb
  • CV17, LI04 (391)
Pain in shoulder-arm
  • TH05, GB41 (391)
Pain, back vertebral injury, pain at cervical vertebrae
  • SI03, TH05 (391)
Pre-menstrual tension
  • AP GV26 obliquely (bird-peck until tears flow) + GV20 & Z_01 (reduce) + SP06, PC06, LV03 (reinforce) + CV06 (reinforce-reduce evenly); retain 20 min. Treat from d 15 before menstruation to d 2 after end of period. (183)
Rhinitis, epistaxis & olfactory abnormality
  • GV23, LI20, LI04; reduce; retain 15-20 min. (364)
Somnipathy
  • PC06 (391)
SP Xu (bodily heaviness, cold limbs, insomnia)
  • CV01, CV03, CV06, SP06, SP09, ST36, SP04, PC06, HT07 (369)
Throat problems, excessive thirst, constipation
  •      CV01, CV03, CV06, SP06, SP09, GV14, LU09, ST40 (369)
Toothache
  • LI01, SI03 (391)
Vertigo
  •      SI03, PC06 (391)
DISORDERS OF THE THORACIC LIMB
Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Arm, humerus
  • LI11, LI15, LI04, SI09, SI11, TH06, LI10, TH08, LI14, PC03
Axilla
  • HT01, GB40, GB42, GB22, SI09, PC01, GB38, PC05, LI15, TH12
Elbow
  • LI11, TH05, LI04, HT03, LU05, LI10, OT01, LI12, TH10, SI07
Finger
  • LI04, A_22, SI03, LI03, TH05, SI04, SI07, PC07, PC06, TH04
Forearm, radius, ulna
  • LI11, HT03, LI10, LI04, PC06, HT07, PC03, TH05, SI08, TH09
Hand, palm
  • LI04, LI11, A_22, SI03, PC07, LI03, PC08, SI04, TH03, PC06
Shoulder, scapula, clavicle
  • LI15, LI11, TH14, SI11, SI09, LI04, OT01, SI10, OT05, BL11
Thoracic limb, its organs & functions
  • LI11, LI15, TH05, LI04, SI03, TH04, HT03, PC07, LI10, OT05
Wrist, carpus
  • TH04, TH05, LI04, PC07, LI05, LU07, SI04, PC06, LI11, OT01
DISORDERS OF THE THORAX, ITS ORGANS & FUNCTIONS
Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Arteries, veins, arteriosclerosis, ischaemia
  • ST36, GB20, BL10, CV06, SP06, GV20, GB21, LV03, GV14, OT05
Blood, body defences, haemorrhage, thymus etc
  • BL17, ST36, BL20, LI04, LI11, CV04, GV14, SP06, CV06, SP10
Bronchi, lung, pneumonia, asthma
  • BL13, CV22, CV17, GV14, LU05, BL12, PC06, LI04, LU07, ST36
Circulation, blood pressure
  • LI11, ST36, LV03, GB20, ST09, PC06, SP06, KI01, CV12, HT07
Cough general
  • BL13, LU05, LU07, ST40, CV22, LU10, GV12, BL12, CV17, GV14
Diaphragm
  • BL17, PC06, CV12, ST36, CV15, CV17, LV14, GB24, ST13, CV22
Heart, pericardium
  • PC06, HT07, BL15, HT05, PC05, ST36, BL14, PC07, PC04, CV17
Oedema, fluid retention, ascites
  • SP09, CV09, KI07, BL23, ST36, BL20, ST25, SP06, CV05, CV08
Oesophagus
  • PC06, BL17, ST36, LI04, CV17, LI10, BL10, CV12, CV22, BL20
Pleura
  • BL42, BL47, BL43, KI23, ST12, KI22, BL13, BL11, GB22, GB44
Respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, lung, cough, pneumonia, asthma etc)
  • BL13, GV14, CV22, LI04, LU05, LU07, CV17, ST40, BL12, PC06
Thoracic spine, back area
  • GV14, BL40, OT01, GV12, OT05, GV13, X_35, GV09, BL60, OT06
Thorax & back, its organs & functions
  • PC06, BL13, BL17, ST36, LI11, LI04, GV14, GB34, GB20, HT07
Thorax, chest, ribs, sternum
  • GB34, PC06, TH06, BL18, CV17, BL17, LV13, BL14, LV14, BL15
Trachea
  • CV22, ST40, LI04, BL13, LU02, GV14, BL11, LU07, CV17, PC06
DISORDERS OF THE ABDOMEN, BACK & LUMBOSACRAL AREA
Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Abdomen & back, its organs & functions
  • ST36, SP06, CV12, CV04, BL23, PC06, GB34, CV03, CV06, ST25
Abdomen lower
  • ST36, L_13, SP06, ST25, CV04, LI11, ST37, CV03, SP13, CV06
Abdomen middle, periumbilical area
  • SP14, ST36, ST25, CV06, CV08, CV07, BL23, BL25, GB34, CV04
Abdomen upper, epigastric, hypochondriac area
  • ST36, PC06, CV12, BL21, BL51, GB34, BL23, LV13, LV01, BL18
Anus, tenesmus, prolapse, piles
  • GV01, BL57, GV20, BL32, SP06, BL25, BL31, BL33, BL30, BL34
Coccygeal area
  • BL34, BL40, SI06, BL30, OT01, BL37, X_35, OT05, OT06, BL35
Diarrhoea, dysentery, constipation
  • ST25, ST36, CV04, CV12, SP06, TH06, CV06, BL25, CV08, SP09
Dorso-lumbar spine & area
  • BL40, BL23, X_35, BL60, OT01, BL37, GB30, GV14, OT05, OT06
Gallbladder, bileducts (inflammation, calculi, obstruction etc)
  • BL19, ST36, GB34, L_23, PC06, GV09, GB24, LV03, BL18, GB40
Gastrointestinal tract
  • ST36, ST25, PC06, CV12, CV06, SP06, CV04, BL21, TH06, BL20
Indigestion, inappetance, nausea, vomiting
  • ST36, PC06, CV12, ST25, SP06, CV06, BL21, BL20, SP04, LI04
Inguinal area, groin
  • LV01, SP11, SP12, SP13, ST30, KI11, LV03, LV04, LV06, SP06
Liver (inflammation, calculi, jaundice, acetonaemia etc)
  • BL18, LV03, BL19, GV09, BL20, ST36, LV13, GB34, BL48, SP06
Lowback (lumbo-sacral, renal, sacro-iliac), lumbar, sacral spine
  • BL23, BL40, GB30, BL60, GB34, BL25, BL37, GV04, BL57, BL31
Oedema, fluid retention, ascites
  • SP09, CV09, KI07, BL23, ST36, BL20, ST25, SP06, CV05, CV08
Pain, colic, spasm in abdomen or its organs, peritonitis
  • ST36, CV12, SP06, PC06, CV04, ST25, CV06, BL23, BL21, CV03
Pancreas, diabetes mellitus, hypo- & hyper- glycaemia
  • KI02, CV12, BL23, ST36, SP06, CV04, BL20, BL18, BL17, X_12
Small intestine, appendix, caecum, colon, rectum
  • ST36, ST25, BL25, CV04, L_13, CV12, BL27, PC06, SP15, ST37
Spleen
  • BL20, ST36, LV13, BL51, SP06, CV12, PC06, X_16, LV03, BL22
Stomach & duodenum
  • ST36, CV12, PC06, ST25, BL21, CV13, CV06, BL20, SP04, SP06
Waist, flank area
  • GB34, GB40, BL40, GB30, GB41, ST36, BL23, GB39, LV02, LV13
DISORDERS OF THE LOWBACK, LUMBAR, SACRAL & PELVIC AREA
(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999))
No. of Citations
4-5
2-3

1
Acupoints in Lowback, lumbar, sacral & pelvic area disorders [14 Data Sets]
BL23, BL40, CV04, GB34, GV04, ST36
Ashi, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL37, BL54, BL60, CV03, CV06, GB30, GV03, GV09, GV14, KI04, LV01, LV03, SP06, SP09, SP12, ST25, ST30, X_35
Animal-Baihui, BL21, BL22, BL34, BL52, BL57, BL62, CV01, CV12, GB28, GB39, GB40, GB41, GV02, KI01, KI03, KI11, KI13, LI04, LU07, LV12, NY04, Shangtun, SI03, SP01, SP04, SP09, SP10, SP11, ST03, ST31, ST32, ST35, ST42, Tianying, Y_14; Scalp Zone Upper-midline-of-occiput, Upper-lateral-line-of-occiput
Protocols to Treat Lowback, Lumbar, Sacral, Pelvic Area & Lower Limb Disorders
Sports endurance, to enhance
  • EAP at ST36 enhanced the endurance of mice; the effect disappeared after adrenalectomy, but not after adrenomedullectomy or orchidectomy. EAP effect is intimately related adrenocortical function but not with medullary or testicular function. (176)
Paraplegia, traumatic
  • Patient must empty bladder . Use 1-2 GV points or 1-2 X_35 (Huatojiaji) Points above & below the traumatic level. Needle straight in to 1.5-2.5" deep; lift & thrust the needles slowly & evenly. Using GV points, if sudden sensation of break-through is perceived, or lightening sensation occurs in the external urethral orifice, the anus, & lower extremities, stop needling immediately to avoid spinal cord damage. Add CV04 (or CV03), ST25, BL54, BL37, BL40, BL60, ST31, ST32, ST42, ST36, GB34, GB39. Needle straight in to 1.5-2"; lift & thrust coordinated with twisting-rotating. CV03, CV04 may be selected alternately. (55)
  • ST25, CV06, CV04; dredge the GV Channel: 9 needles, 26 gauge, bracketing the transection level (upper border: one spinous process above segment of injury; lower border: at spinous process of L5, & midpoint of GV Channel points & X_35. Get Deqi. GV / X_35 Deqi should go down below the paralysed level. Deqi from ST25 & CV points should go to groin & pudenda. Spinal cord injury: reinforce lightly. Cauda equina injury: reinforce - reduce evenly. Then inject 0.5-6 ml Flos Carthami, Radix Salivae Miltiorrhizae, Vit. etc. /point at SP10, ST36, BL57, GB34 every 2 d. Alternate the points. (168)
Pain, sprain in lumbar area
  • BL40; point pricking blood therapy via a three-edged needle. (262)
Pain, Back sprain, acute
  • AP upper middle line of occiput & upper-lateral line of occiput. Treat daily, 1-5 times (56)
  • BL40-Weizhong, also called Xuexi (Blood Xi) is BL He Point; may be bled to Clear the Blood & Drain Heat. (177)
Pain in sciatic area
  • AP BL54 (296)
  • Needle GB30 toward the perineum to 3" deep & GB34->SP09 to 2.5-3" deep. Get Deqi to go down the legs. Use EAP, continuous wave, with positive electrode at Ashi. Add 250 W infrared lamp to irradiate skin from distance of 15-20 cm, 20 min once/d, 10 times/course, with 4-5 d between courses. (337)
Pain in pubis
  • EAP + aromatic oil-massage at bilateral SP04, 20 min, 5 Hz, to tolerance + LI04 + ST30, 70 Hz, weak stimulation. In earlier sessions, add KI01; later add Ashi, ST35, KI13, KI04, GB28, ST03 or LV12, SP12. Knead muscles in pain areas. Manipulate / massage the loin & back (BL21-BL26). (163)
Pain in pelvis (see Pelvic inflammatory disease also)
  • NY04-Tito (Lift & Support, 3-4" lateral to CV04) (227)
Pain in lumbar area as sequel to abdominal oviductal ligation
  • CV01, CV04, CV06, GV04, LV01, LV03, KI03, KI04, SP01, SP06, SP09, LU07, BL23, BL25. Consider moxa at KI03, LU07, CV04. Neon-Laser for 1-2 min/point. (273)
Pain in lowback, lumbago with KI Xu
  • CV03, CV06, BL23, BL24, BL52 (369)
Pain in lowback, lumbago
  • GB41, BL62 (391)
Pain in flank / groin in postherpetic neuralgia
  • AP to 3 cm deep at Ashi points such as BL25, BL26 & Shangtun. Moxa at BL23, BL25. Treat 2-6 times. [Rogers: results poor if treatment is left to late stages]. (281)
Pain control in surgery of feet, legs & in cases of intractable pain
  • EAP at 0.5-50 Hz via AP needles in the epidural space at GV04 & caudal (? Lumbosacral - Animal Baihui ) space (251)
Pain control (whole body) in major surgery in dogs (craniotomy, open reduction & pinning for femoral fracture, ear cropping)
  • EAP at bilateral ST36, GB34 when animals in dorsal or ventral recumbency; bilateral ST36, GB34 or SP09 when in lateral recumbency. (388)
Lumbosacral disorders, acroparaesthesia (abnormal sensation of extremities), sacral & pelvic limb nerve injuries & motor dysfunction
  • Lie patient face-up; insert 2 long (3.5") needles vertically at Y_14-Yijing (Spermatorrhoea, 1" lateral to CV04); twist & advance needles obliquely towards midline to depth of 2.5-3" until Deqi comes. (315)
Lumbar acute sprain
  • SI03 is Jiao of the 8 Extra Channels; it arises at the perineum. (320)
Disorders of lowback, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal, pelvic & inguinal area
  • BL40, BL23, SP06, GB30, BL37, GB34, ST36, X_35, BL34, BL60, CV12, GB40, LV01, SP11, SP12, CV03, CV04, GV04, KI11, LV03, ST30 (248)
ABDOMINAL DISORDERS
(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999) under abdomen & urogenital; check for disorders of specific organs also)

Apart from more specific symptoms, patients with reproductive, psychosexual or genital problems often have other abdominal signs. These include anorexia, colic, constipation, diarrhoea, digestive upsets, distension, dysentery, gastrointestinal disorders, jaundice, liver disorders, loose stool, malnutrition, nausea, night-crying in children, pain (organic, referred, post-operative), poor stamina & vomiting. AP can help to control these symptoms & address the underlying causes. For effective points for those symptoms, see ADA. In TCM, SP Xu may cause anorexia, loose stool, bodily heaviness, cold limbs, tendency for prolapse of the rectum or vagina and insomnia.
No. of Citations
3-5
2
1
Acupoints in Abdominal Disorders [15 Data Sets]
PC06, ST36
CV01, CV08, ST37, SP09
Animal-Baihui, BL58, CV03, CV04, CV06, CV12, CV17, GB34, GV01, GV04, HT07, KI04, LI11, Perianal-Points, SP04, SP06, ST25, ST44, Y_14
The following protocols for abdominal disorders are secondary or supplementary to those used in reproductive, psychosexual or genital disorders. Better points & protocols for specific abdominal disorders are covered in ADA.

Abdominal diseases, anorexia, colic, diarrhoea, distension, dysentery, jaundice, malnutrition, night-crying esp in children
  • Drug compress at CV08 - fill umbilicus with drug powder, paste or cake; apply drug plaster (353)
Colic, night crying of babies
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Constipation (atonic or spastic)
  • LI11, ST37 (391)
Constipation of Xu Type
  • KI04 + BL58 (204)
Diarrhoea, dysentry
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Digestive / gastrointestinal / liver disorders; diarrhoea before dawn
  • Lie patient face-up; insert 2 long (3.5") needles vertically at Y_14-Yijing (Spermatorrhoea, 1" lateral to CV04); twist & advance needles obliquely towards midline to depth of 2.5-3" until Deqi comes. (315)
Epigastric pains
  • ST36 (15)
Faecal incontinence
  • GV01, CV01 & Perianal Points. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, for 10 times/course, for 3-5 courses. (7)
First-aid in asthma, circulatory disorders, vomiting & pain
  • CV17 (level with 4th intercostal space, 1.6" below CV18 at the pouch between the breasts). Needle with the tip downward along the skin. (394)
Gastrointestinal / digestive system, stomachache, gastroptosis, vomiting, diarrhea
  • ST36, ST25, CV12, ST37, ST44 (131)
Gastrointestinal disorders
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Malnutrition in children
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Nausea & vomiting in pregnancy, peri- or post-operatively, or induced by chemotherapy, or after epidural morphine
  • AP, EAP or acupressure at PC06 for 5-10 min, four times/d. (6)
Nausea, vomiting prevention after laparoscopy
  • PC06 (111)
Navel disorders
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Oedema
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Pain control (whole body) in major surgery in dogs (ovariohysterectomy, laparotomy, tracheotomy, thoracotomy, splenectomy, nephrectomy, umbilical hernioplasty)
  • EAP at bilateral ST36, GB34 when animals in dorsal or ventral recumbency; bilateral ST36, GB34 or SP09 when in lateral recumbency. (388)
Pain control in surgery of the lower abdomen, & in cases of intractable pain
  • EAP at 0.5-50 Hz via AP needles in the epidural space at GV04 & caudal (? Lumbosacral - Animal Baihui ) space (251)
SP Xu (anorexia, loose stool)
  • CV01, CV03, CV06, SP06, SP09, ST36, SP04, PC06, HT07 (369)
DISORDERS OF THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM
Top Ten Points for urogenital disorders, pregnancy, parturition menopause & male disorders, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Genitalia external & pubic area (male & female)
  • CV04, CV03, SP06, LV08, CV07, LV04, LV12, CV01, LV02, LV01
Genitalia female & reproduction
  • SP06, CV04, GV04, CV06, SP10, CV03, GB26, BL32, LV03, ST36
Genitalia male
  • SP06, CV03, CV04, ST29, BL32, BL33, BL34, LV01, BL31, LV04
Menopause: general points for flushes & menopausal problems
  • ST36, SP06, CV04, LI04, PC06, GB21, CV03, SP10, LV14, CV05
Menstrual cycle, contraception
  • SP06, CV04, CV03, CV06, SP10, ST36, BL23, LV03, BL32, BL33
Parturition
  • SP06, LI04, BL67, BL60, BL32, LV03, BL31, ST36, SP09, BL62
Postpartum disorders
  • SP06, GV20, CV04, Y_16, CV02, LV01, CV03, CV07, Y_18, CV06
Pregnancy: disorders of
  • BL67, ST36, PC06, LV03, SP04, SP06, BL18, CV17, CV12, KI21
Pregnancy: forbidden/abortion points
  • SP06, LI04, BL67, BL60, LV03, BL32, ST36, CV04, CV03, BL31
Reproduction male (impotence, spermatorrhoea etc)
  • SP06, CV04, BL23, CV03, CV06, BL32, GV04, BL33, BL31, ST36
Urinary tract & functions
  • SP06, BL23, BL28, CV03, CV04, CV06, KI03, SP09, CV02, BL32
Urogenital (general disorders)
  • SP06, CV04, BL23, CV03, CV06, BL28, KI03, BL32, ST36, SP09
DISORDERS OF THE PERINEUM
No. of Citations
4-8
2

1
Acupoints in perineal disorders [10 Data Sets]
SP06, ST36
BL30, BL31, BL32, BL33, BL34, CV02, CV03, CV04, GB27, GB28, GV01, GV20, KI12, LV03, ST27, ST30
BL13, BL18, BL19, BL20, BL23, BL25, BL52, BL57, BL62, CV01, CV06, CV08, CV17, GB40, GB43, GV04, HT07, KI03, KI06, KI07, KI11, LV01, LV02, LV05, LV08, LV10, Peri-incisional-points, SP01, SP02, SP03, SP09, SP10, SP12, Y_17, Z_03; Earpoints Internal Anaesthesia Point, Shenmen, Sympathy
Protocols to Treat Perineal Disorders
Anus, tenesmus, prolapse, piles
  • GV01, BL57, GV20, BL32, SP06, BL25, BL31, BL33, BL30, BL34 (248)
APA for inguinal hernia herniorrhaphy in children
  • (A) SP06, Internal Anaesthesia Point, GB27->GB28, ST27->CV02; (B) ST36, Earpoint Shenmen->Sympathy, GB27->GB28, ST27->CV02. Induction time should be >20 min. Give sedative before operation & small dose of local anaesthetic. (413)
Inguinal hernia APA & wound repair
  • EAPA at SP06 bilateral + peri-incisional points. Continuous wave. (50)
Inguinal hernia in infant
  • To raise Yuanqi, AP LV03, LV05, SP12 on left side. After needle withdrawal, apply Frutus Foeniculi to CV08. (355)
Perineum, disorders
  • BL32, GV01, BL31, BL30, BL33, BL34, LV01, LV10, SP06, ST36 (248)
Perineum, pain
  • Y_17-Changyi-Intestinal Remnant (2.5" lateral to CV03) (227)
Perineum, pain, postpartum or postoperative 
  • AP CV03, CV04 & KI12 obliquely to the direction of pubic symphysis; get Deqi to vulva. Use even manipulation (twist-twirl). Reinforce-reduce (lift-thrust) at ST36 & SP06. Perineal pain, or after perineal surgery: Add LV03; reduce (lift-thrust). Retain 30 min, once/d. (205)
Perineum, pain, trauma
  • AP SP06, ST36, LV03, CV06, CV04, KI11->ST30. Get Deqi to reach the pelvis. Cold Syndrome, to boost KI-yin: BL23, CV04, BL18, BL19, LV02, LV03, LV08, GB43, GB40; Damp Syndrome, to boost SP: SP02, SP03, BL20; Psychic factors: GV20, Z_03, CV17, HT07; Climacteric patient with KI-Yin Xu: BL23, CV04, GV04; KI-Yang Xu: GV04, CV04, BL52, SP10, CV06, ST36, BL20, BL18, BL13; Puerperal patient: LV03, LV08, KI07, SP02, SP10, SP06, CV04; rupture of perineum, episiotomy pain: CV06, CV04, KI11, SP01, BL62; trauma of perineum by masturbation or anal coition: KI03, KI07, add KI12, BL23, GV04, CV04 for contracted vagina pain & Extra points near CV03 for clitoris pain. (241)
Perineum, pruritus
  • CV04, SP06 - EAP + moxa (312)
Perineum, pruritus chronic
  •      CV03, CV01 +/- ST30, LV03, KI06, SP09, SP06; 1-7 courses (mean 2 courses). (128)
URINARY DISORDERS
(For better points, see ADA (Rogers 1999) under urinary disorders)

Uropathies include disorders of the kidney, ureter, bladder & urethra; inflammation, infection, urolithiasis; dysuria, urination urgency & frequency, urinary incontinence, retention, urination during coitus. See ejaculation disorders also. Problems of urinary function often have a psychological component. See the importance of the emotions in TCM.
No. of Citations
16-33
10-13
6-9
3-5

1-2
Acupoints in urinary disorders [69 Data Sets]
BL23, CV03, CV04, SP06
BL28, BL32, CV06, ST36 
BL54, CV02, CV05, GV04, GV20, SP09; Earpoints BL, KI, Shenmen
Ashi, BL18, BL17, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL24, BL25, BL29, BL31, BL33, CV08, HT07, KI03, PC06, ST29; Earpoint Brain
BL11, BL12, BL13, BL14, BL15, BL16, BL19, BL26, BL27, BL30, BL34, BL35, BL39, BL40, BL64, CV01, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13, Enuresis area, GB20, GB34, GV01, GV11, H_17-Nocturia Points, HT05, KI01, KI04, KI06, KI10 ,KI11, KI12, L_09, LU07, LV01, LV03, LV08, LV09, LV11, SP10, ST28, Symptom Points, TH06, X_29, X_35 (esp lumbosacral), Y_14, Yeniao, Yeniaodian, Z_01; [Local Points better than Distant]; Scalp Zones Foot-Motor-Sensory, Midline of Vertex, Motor-Area; Earpoints LU, SP, Subcortex, Ureter, Urethra / Endocrine, HT, Support, Sympathetic, TH, Yeniao-Enuresis
Protocols to Treat Urinary Disorders
Ascites, oedema, incontinence, retention etc.
  • X_35 near BL18, BL23, BL32 (340)
Bladder disorders & to increase urine output
  • EAP at BL23 + Earpoint Subcortex (22)
Bladder dysfunction in diabetes
  • Xu of true Ying, Xu of Qi in LU & KI: CV06 (moxa), LU07, KI06, ST28 (or) BL35, BL29, BL39. Reinforce. Xu of true Ying, Xu of KI Yang: add moxa at GV04, BL23, CV04. Tonify by lift-thrust, twist-twirl. Use long needles at BL35 & BL29 to get Deqi to lower abdomen & perineum. Moxa 5 min/point, every 2 d; alternate the two groups of points, 10 times/course, 1-3 courses. (419)
Bladder dysfunction, enuresis, retention
  • BL32 (411)
Bladder instability in cerebral infarction / embolism
  • AP to reinforce at Z_01, SP06, CV04, CV03, BL32, BL23. Get Deqi from CV04 & CV03 to vulva, & from SP06 & BL32 to pudenda. Retain 30 min, & manipulate 2 times. Treat once/d, 10 times/course, with 3-d interval between courses, 1-3 courses (362)
Bladder instability, enuresis
  • SP06, SP10, CV04. EAP at BL23, BL28, CV04, & KI03. Treat once/wk, 1-9 times. (223)
Bladder neurogenic in spinal cord injury
  • EAP at CV03, CV04 + bilateral BL32 + conventional intermittent catheterization program (ICP) for 30-70 d. The sooner started the better, preferably <3 wk after injury. (57)
Bladder overactive, urge-incontinence, urgency, lack of sphincter control
  • Needle BL33 bilaterally 50-60 mm deep; twirl 10 min, 4-12 (mean 7) sessions. (150)
Dysuria
  • GV20, GV11, GV04 + BL54. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, 10 times/course, 3-5 courses. (7)
  • KI04 + BL64 (204)
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
Enuresis
  • X_35. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, 10 times/course, 3-5 courses. (7)
  • (A) HT07, ST36, SP06, CV03 / BL23, BL28, BL32; alternate every 2 d, for 5-15 times. B) Micromassage at H_17-Nocturia-Point (in creases between phalanges 1-2 & 2-3 of finger 5; parent repeats treatment every night0 min,5-25 d. AP is better but home micromassage helps, esp. in little children who reject AP (16)
  • Acuinjection of 0.05% atropine sulphate or scopolamine hydrobromide at bilateral SP09 & SP06, once every 1-2 d. Add Earpoints LU, SP, KI, Shenmen & BL. Treat 1-2 times/wk. Deqi closely related to result. (30)
  • KI-Yang Xu + dysfunction of BL:CV04, SP06, PC06, GB34. Twirl reinforce-reduce; retain 15 min. Treat as needed (3-15 times).SP-Xu + Qi disturbed in Middle-Jiao: BL20, ST36, GV20, CV03, BL28. Twirl, reinforce-reduce; retain 15 min. Treat 8-16 times. (52)
  • Laser-AP at CV04, SP06 & Yeniaodian (EX) + CV03. (73)
  • EAP high frequency continuous wave at CV06, CV04 + ST36 & SP06. Long needle from CV06->CV04 to CV03 until Deqi spreads to external genitalia; retain for 30 min. Treat once/d, 10-15 d/course, with 3-5 d between courses, if needed. (74)
  • In TCM, enuresis is due to dysfunction of LV, SP, KI, CV, TH, SI & BL. Sterilise skin; insert 32 gauge needles rapidly at CV04 (Mu of SI & Jiao LV, SP, KI + CV) & SP06 (Jiao of LV, KI, SP); use moderate stimulation until Deqi; retain 20-30 min. Treat twice/wk, 10 times/course. (89)
  • CV04, SP06, SP09 (131)
  • Needle CV04 obliquely downward 1-2"; moderate manipulation to tolerance until Deqi reaches perineum. Needle SP06 bilateral until patient feels contracting sensation over toes. Moxa each point for 10-15 min after needle retained for 30 min. Treat once/d, 2 wk/course. (133)
  • AP BL23, BL54 + CV03 once/d. Then massage - use thumb, index & middle finger to knead skin from BL28 / BL34 area to BL11 / GV14 area three times. On pass 2, pinch skin up forcefully at BL31-BL34, BL23 & BL15. On pass 3 massage BL23 + BL31-BL34, 30 times. Then snatch up the CV / KI area from CV06-CV04 with all 5 fingers of right hand & shake several times; repeat 5 times. This worked fast where simple AP had failed. (134)
  • Scalp AP at Motor Area + AP at SP06 or SP09 + long needle at CV04-CV03 or CV06-CV04, alternated. (139)
  • if due to Wind-Cold: BL12-Fengmen-Wind Door (170)
  • BL40-Weizhong, also called Xuexi (Blood Xi) is BL He Point; may be bled to Clear the Blood & Drain Heat. (177)
  • Clip & shave head at GV20; sterilise skin; inject 1.0-1.5 ml of 2% local anaesthetic; embed 2 mm thread at GV20. Press wound to stop bleeding & cover with gauze for 3 d. Repeat every 30 d. Usually 1-2 treatments were needed. (180)
  • After negative patch test, sterilise area between CV02 & CV08. Inject 1-1.5 ml 0.5% procaine/point at 4-5 points from CV03, CV04, CV05, CV06, CV07.Treat every 2 d. (182)
  • AP CV04, GB20, Z_01 +/- CV06, ST29, SP06. Use 3-4 points/d; reinforce; retain 30 min (manipulate every 5-10 min). Vaccaria Seeds at Earpoints Shenmen, KI, BL, Ureter, HT, Subcortex, branch, Brain & Yiniao-Enuresis. Press 3 min/time, 3-4 times/d. Alternate ears every 3 d. Moxa CV06, CV02, ST29, SP06, GV04, 5-10 min/point, once/d, 10 d/course. Use all 3 methods simultaneously for 2 courses (193)
  • Due to Xu of KI, SP, LU & TH. SP06 & CV03; KI Xu: add BL23, GV04, BL28, KI03, KI01, CV06; Xu of SP & LU: try moxa first at BL13, BL20 +/- ST36, SP09 & CV09; if ineffective, use AP. Other sympptoms: +/- HT07, LV03, LV08 & TH06. CHM also good. (203)
  • Inject 1 mg atropine at bilateral SP06 (206)
  • inject 2 ml of placenta extract/point slowly at CV04, BL23 + 1 ml of Radix Angelicae Sinensis solution at ST36 every 2 d, 20-30 times. (287)
  • (A) HT05, CV04, KI03; (B) CV06, BL20, GV04; (C) SP06, CV03, BL28; alternate the groups. Treat 10 times/course. (309)
  • CV03, CV04, CV05, LV08, LV09, SP06, Ashi. Insert fast & twist; withdraw slow; get Deqi to perineum or penis; retain 30 min & manipulate once/10 min. Treat once/d, 2-10 times. (311)
  • Earpoints KI, BL, Urethra, Brain, Exciting Point, & Endocrine (all bilateral). Press Vaccaria Seeds 2-3 times/d until ear feels sore & distended. Change seeds every 4 d. (314)
  • (A) Simple Scalp-AP at bilateral Foot-Motor-Sensory Areas; EAP for 20 min every 2 d in mild & early cases. Treat 10 times/course. (B) Same + CHM, for example, "Suoquanwan" ("Reducing Enuresis Pills") or other drugs based on the Differentiation of Syndromes in more severe or chronic cases; oral meclifenoxane was used in some. (316)
  • Earpoint injection of 0.2 ml (100 ug or 250 ug) of Vitamin B12/point at bilateral Earpoints KI & BL, 2-3 times/wk, 5 times/course, with an interval of 1 wk between courses. (327)
  • Patient must empty bladder. Then AP CV04 straight in to 0.5-1" deep, depending on body build. Get Deqi to go to genitalia. Needle GV20 horizontally & anteriorly; retain 30 min at both points; reduce-reinforce evenly every 5 min. Treat once/d; usually 1-2 sessions usually cured the case. (358)
  • moxa, hot-rubbing, kneading, medicine plasters at CV08 + other points, as indicated. (361)
  • CV03, SP06, BL23, BL32, BL28 (364)
  • In session 1, AP Yeniao alone; later, alternate with CV06, CV04, CV03, SP06, using strong stimulation. retain 20-30 min; manipulate every 5-10 min, 7-10 times/course. (366)
  • AP CV06, ST29, CV03. (367)
  • Insert 3" 28 gauge needle at BL29-1 (0.5" lateral to BL29) at 60 deg to the skin inferiorly through gluteus maximus & greater sciatic foramen; get heavy & tense feeling under the tip of needle. Continue to rotate until Deqi goes to lower abdomen & perineum. Retain 20-25 min. (412)
  • KI Xu: BL23-BL26, BL27-BL35, CV01-CV06, CV12, GV20, SP06, BL23, BL32 & Ashi. Xu of both SP & KI: BL15-BL34, Ashi, CV03-CV06, ST36 & PC06. Use percussopuncture. Results best in KI Xu. (421)
Enuresis in children
  • ST36 (15)
  • AP + DDAVP for 6-10 wk is best (32)
  • AP middle line of vertex; retain intermittently for 2 h, 15 times/course for 2 courses (56)
  • He-Ne laser-AP at CV01, CV03, SP06 + ST36, GV20, or Ashi points +/- symptomatic points. Take two main points, 5 min/point + 4-6 other points once/d, 10 times/course. (113)
  • CV04, SP06, ST36, LV03 +/- HT07, PC06, BL23. Also get parents to press, massage or needle CV04 & SP06. (118)
  • AP point cautery with 25% silver nitrate. (152)
  • Laser-AP at CV04, CV03, CV06, SP06, GV20. Results as good as with traditional AP & children accept Laser better than needles. (243)
  • Press at Vaccaria Seeds on Earpoints Brain, BL, KI, Support & Shenmen +/- LU, SP, & TH. Apply every 2 d on alternate ears for 5 times/course, 1-3 courses, as needed. Most cases improved from d 1. (266)
  • CV01, CV03 & SP06; Loss of appeptite: add ST36; Urinary frequency: add Enuresis Area; Occult spina bifida: add Ashi. Laser for 5 min/point, for 10 times/course, 1-3+ courses, with 10 d between courses. (348)
Enuresis nocturna
  • GV04, BL31, BL32, CV03 & KI12. Yin Types (enuresis in deep sleep; large amounts or often nightly) are mostly Xu of LV & LU, LV & SP, LU & LV, & SP & LV, frequent enuresis being mainly LV Xu. Yang Type (just before wake-up in the morning, usually in dream) are mostly LU Xu & LV Shi or SP Xu & LV Shi; this kind of nocturia can be cured fast, sometimes after several sessions. In LV Syndrome besides AP at BL17 & BL18, reduce misaligned lumbar vertebrae & sacroiliac joints. SP Syndrome: AP at CV13, CV12 & CV10 to regulate changes of the appetite. Moxa at points GV04 & CV03 & L_09-Nuxi. Avoid pain & overuse of AP in children. (216)
Enuresis, dysuria
  • AP bilateral BL54 until Deqi goes to genitals; retain 30 min. Treat every 2 d, for 10 times/course for 1-2 courses. (400)
Kidney dysfunction, glomerulonephritis, to increase filtration rate & urine flow
  • Electric heating pad at 42 degC to back over BL21-BL25 area. (300)
Kidney failure, anuria
  • CV04, SP06, CV03 (131)
Urinary disorders
  • CV04 & SP06 (131)
Urinary disorders (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra), urination urgency & frequency
  • Lie patient face-up; insert 2 long (3.5") needles vertically at Y_14-Yijing (Spermatorrhoea, 1" lateral to CV04); twist & advance needles obliquely towards midline to depth of 2.5-3" until Deqi comes. (315)
Urinary disorders (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra), urolithiasis
  • Patient must empty bladder. Insert 3-4" needle at CV02 straight into the skin & subcutaneous tissues, then angle forward obliquely at 45-60 degrees, slowly, into space between pubic symphysis & bladder. Advance slowly until clear resistance occurs when tip is circa 3" deep. Get strong Deqi by slow gentle thrusting & rotating of small amplitude (336)
Urinary frequency, urgency & dysuria
  • AP SP06, but continue longterm treatment, otherwise relapses are common (38)
Urinary incontinence / dribbling
  • CV03, KI11 + SP06. Retain 20-30 min, once every 1-2 d, 10 times/course, 3-5 courses. (7)
Urinary incontinence in children, urinary retention postpartum
  • Drug compress at CV08 - fill umbilicus with drug powder, paste or cake; apply drug plaster (353)
Urinary incontinence, to tonify urethral sphincter
  • EAP 30 min at lower legs (? SP06) & lower abdomen (? CV03) (158)
Urinary incontinence, to tonify urethral sphincter, urinary frequency, urgency & dysuria
  • AP SP06, but continue longterm treatment, otherwise relapses are common (38)
Urinary infection
  • GV01, GV04, BL23. Inject mixture of Vit B1 (2 ml) & Vit B12 (2ml), 1 ml/point. (350)
Urinary retention
  • AP BL54 bilateral; retain needles for 20 min. Then use spear- & hooked- needle to cut GV04, Yaoqi (X_29-Lower Back 'Miscellany', in GV line between left & right BL32) & BL31-34. Treat daily until improved. (265)
  • Insert 3" 28 gauge needle at BL29-1 (0.5" lateral to BL29) at 60 deg to the skin inferiorly through gluteus maximus & greater sciatic foramen; get heavy & tense feeling under the tip of needle. Continue to rotate until Deqi goes to lower abdomen & perineum. Retain 20-25 min. (412)
Urinary retention & dysuria in traumatic paraplegia
  • AP Local points CV03, BL32 + BL28 was better than at Distant points SP06, SP09 + KI10 for contractile function of BL. At CV03 get Deqi to spread to perineum. Needle BL32 to 3" deep; other points to 1-1.2" deep; reinforce-reduce mildly until Deqi; retain 30 min & twist for 1 min before removal. (267)
Urinary retention postoperative
  • AP BL32 + BL33 + SP06 (100)
Urinary retention postpartum 
  • AP BL54 (296)
  • Needle SP06 & ST36 on the right side to 1" deep, with moderate stimulation; retain 30 min, twice/d. Expect 100% success in 1-4 sessions. (359)
  • Lie patient face-up. Needle SP06 to 1-1.5" deep; reduce (lift-thrust-twist). Get Deqi to toes & thigh / perineum. Stimulate several times, then retain 15-20 min, with 1-2 manipulations in that time. (407)
Urinary retention, dysuria postpartum
  • AP CV03, CV04 & KI12 obliquely to the direction of pubic symphysis; get Deqi to vulva. Use even manipulation (twist-twirl). Reinforce-reduce (lift-thrust) at ST36 & SP06. Retain 30 min, once/d. (205)
Urinary tract & functions
  • SP06, BL23, BL28, CV03, CV04, CV06, KI03, SP09, CV02, BL32 (248)
Urinary urgency, dysuria, frequency
  • AP SP06; effect temporary; must be repeated longterm to maintain effect. (39)
Urination during copulation (see ejaculation disorders)
  • AP CV02, BL32, LV11 + moxa at LV01, CV08 every 2-3 d, 10 times/course. Cases need 3-47 times. (404)
Urolithiasis
  • EAP at Earpoints KI, Ureter, BL, Urethra. Add Shenmen, Sympathetic in severe pain. Combine with EAP on body points for 2-3 min, 10 times/d for 1 mo. (33)
Urolithiasis, KI colic
  • X_35 near BL23, BL24 (340)
Uroschesis
  • CV06, CV04, GV20, BL54, ST29; insert 5-6" needle slowly from BL54->ST29; twist gently until Deqi goes to the perineum & urethra; reduce by twisting-rotating. Needle CV06, CV04 to 3-4" deep; reinforce by twisting-rotating; reinforce by twisting-rotating at GV20. Treat once/d for 2-6 times; do not retain. (368)
URINARY INCONTINENCE, RETENTION, URINATION DURING COITUS
See previous section for protocols to treat urinary incontinence, retention, urination during coitus. See ADA also. Urinary incontinence often has a psychological component. See the importance of the emotions in TCM.
No. of Citations
20-30
8-12
3-6

1-2
Acupoints in urinary incontinence, retention, or urination in coitus [52 Data Sets]
CV03, CV04, SP06
BL23, BL28, BL32, CV06, ST36
Ashi, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL29, BL31, BL33, BL34, BL54, CV01, CV02, CV05, CV08, GV04, GV20, HT07, PC06, SP09, ST29; Earpoints BL, KI / Shenmen / Brain
BL11, BL12, BL13, BL14, BL15, BL16, BL19, BL21, BL22, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL27, BL30, BL35, BL40, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13, GB20, GB34, H_17-Nocturia Points, HT05, KI01, KI03, KI10, KI11, KI12, L_09, LV03, LV08, LV09, Symptom-points, TH06, X_29, X_35, Yeniao, Yeniaodian, Z_01; Scalp Zone Enuresis Area, Foot-Motor-Sensory, Midline of Vertex, Motor Area; Earpoints LU, SP / Endocrine, HT, Subcortex, Support, TH, Ureter, Urethra, Yeniao-Enuresis
DISORDERS OF THE PELVIC LIMB
Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Ankle, tarsus
  • BL60, ST41, KI03, GB39, GB40, SP06, BL57, OT01, ST36, SP05
Buttock
  • GB30, BL36, OT01, ST36, BL23, BL54, BL37, OT05, BL40, BL60
Hip
  • GB30, GB34, GB29, GB31, BL40, BL60, OT01, GB39, ST36, LV08
Knee, popliteal
  • GB34, BL40, L_16, ST35, SP09, ST36, ST34, LV08, OT01, GB31
Leg, calf
  • BL57, GB34, ST36, SP06, BL40, GB30, BL60, GB39, ST32, LV03
Metatarsal, foot
  • BL60, KI03, LV03, SP06, BL57, ST41, GB39, OT01, ST42, GB41
Pelvic limb, its organs & functions
  • GB34, ST36, GB30, SP06, BL60, BL40, BL57, GB39, GB31, KI03
Tarsal-metatarsal
  • GB41, OT01, ST41, OT05, BL59, KI06, GB40, BL60, SP05, KI03
Thigh, femur
  • GB30, GB31, GB34, LV08, ST36, BL23, LV11, BL40, BL37, SP06
GENERAL CONDITIONS
Top Ten Points, sorted by descending Citation score ( ADA, Rogers 1999)
Analgesia, pain control (general)
  • LI04, ST36, LI11, TH05, OT05, SP06, LV03, GB34, A_22, GB38
Chills
  • GV14, ST36, LI04, GV16, BL40, HT06, GB25, LI11, TH04, BL12
Fevers
  • GV14, LI11, LI04, PC05, BL40, GV13, A_01, PC09, LI01, LU10
Immunity, to boost
  • ST36, LI04, GV14, SP06, LI11, CV04, BL18, BL19, BL23, CV06
Muscle, tendon, soft tissues (general) 
  • OT05, OT01, GB34, ST36, OT06, LI04, LV03, LI11, SP06, OT0
Skin problems
  • LI11, LI04, SP10, SP06, ST36, BL40, GV14, OT05, BL13, GB20
Sweating problems
  • KI07, LI04, HT06, SI03, SP02, LV02, LU08, LU10, LU11, GV14
Tonic effects
  • ST36, CV06, CV04, BL43, BL20, PC06, BL23, LI04, SP06, LI11
Phil Rogers MRCVS, Lucan, Dublin, Ireland​
Fax: 353-46-26154 Tel: 353-46-26740 (Lab)
[email protected]  |  [email protected]
THE NYCAVMA IS HONORED TO HOST & MANAGE THE PHIL ROGERS ARCHIVE