Choice of Acupuncture Points for Particular Conditions
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
1984 (updated 1990, 1993, 1995)
Postgraduate Course in Veterinary AP, Dublin, 1996
1984 (updated 1990, 1993, 1995)
Postgraduate Course in Veterinary AP, Dublin, 1996
SUMMARY
1. Veterinary acupuncture (AP) is based primarily on human AP principles and the choice of points for particular conditions is very similar to the choice for similar human conditions.
2. Using a Hewlett-Packard Minicomputer, data from over 55 textbooks and clinical articles were stored. Frequency-ranked prescriptions for >1100 clinical conditions were generated from the computer database.
3. The Top Twenty Points from each prescription were extracted from the database summary. From this list, the most important points for major body regions (head, neck, thoracic limb, thorax, nose, throat, shoulder, elbow, lung, stomach, etc) and common symptoms (shock, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, etc) were extracted.
4. Appendix 1 comments on the use of the point Index, the structure of the Index and the code and name of each point. Appendices 2 and 3 list the points. Examples of methods of point selection for specific conditions and for more complex syndromes (combinations of symptoms) are given in the text.
5. Advantages and disadvantages of the COOKBOOK METHOD of point selection are discussed in relation to holistic (traditional) AP.
INTRODUCTION
Western veterinary AP is based primarily on transposition of human AP principles to animal patients. To select effective points for therapy, one makes appropriate adjustments for differences in anatomy, location of peripheral nerves, and temperament of the animal (Rogers, 1980b; Molinier, 1983; Westermayer, 1981). There are some texts on traditional veterinary AP and some Western experts have produced texts which are based on traditional points. Others have written texts on the transposition method. Advantages and disadvantages of the transposition method have been discussed elsewhere (Rogers, 1982b).
Studies of the electrical resistance of skin in dogs, horses and cattle have confirmed the existence of REPP (reactive electropermeable points) at locations predictable from the human AP system (Janssens; Krueger; Greiff; Kothbauer). In AP research with primates, laboratory animals (mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits) and larger species, the human transposition system is the one used routinely to locate points such as LU01; LI04,11,15,20; ST09,25,36; SP06,09; HT07; BL points; PC06; TH05,08,14,17; GB20,30,34; LV03,14; GV26 etc. The clinical and experimental effects of stimulating these points have been confirmed worldwide in the past 10 years in many animal species (laboratory, farm, domestic and zoo).
Uses of the computer in AP and the advantages and disadvantages of computer -generated prescriptions were discussed elsewhere (Rogers 1984 a, b). Many professionals still refuse to use a computer. I believe that this refusal stems from fear (that they will not be able to master it) and ignorance of what a modern computer can and cannot do. Traditionally-trained acupuncturists may scorn the idea of cookbooks (although they use their own favourite prescriptions - a poor Cookbook). They would be horrified at the idea of computerising AP.
COOKBOOK AP: Many have told me that "prescription AP", especially the free availability of prescriptions, do AP a disservice. They assume that the cowboys (quacks, charlatans, get-rich-quick merchants) will proliferate and thrive if such information is freely available. I do not believe this. I would prefer to see AP develop rapidly. This will not happen if we must wait for a high percentage of the professions to develop to Master Acupuncturist status. The use of AhShi therapy and cookbooks brings more professionals into the active AP field than any other method that I know.
This paper discusses computer-based AP prescriptions for selected areas and symptoms under 3 main headings
: computer AP databases
: prescriptions for major body areas, functions, subregions
: prescriptions for common symptoms
It has taken me more than 11 years to amass these data. Therefore I ask each of you to treat the material as copyright. You are welcome to use it for clinical, study and research purposes, but not for commercial publication in text, computerised, microfiche form, etc. You are free to make personal copies for friends or colleagues, but only on condition that they also agree to respect the copyright.
The Channel and Point coding used throughout this text is: LU, LI, ST, SP, HT, SI, BL, KI, PC, TH, GB, LV, CV, GV; ST08 (TouWei) is on the temple, BL41 (FuFen) is at T2 and BL40 (WeiZhong) is in the popliteal crease. This is the same as that used by IVAS. The alphanumeric code and name of each point is shown in Appendix 1. As there is no internationally accepted coding system to-date, you are urged to check my coding system (Appendix 1) at this stage and to compare it with the one which you use. This is most important to prevent confusion and error.
COMPUTER AP DATABASES
The larger the database, the more points are filed under any given region, symptom or condition. However, the first 6-10 points listed (in order of descending citation score) are the most important for routine use. For example, in the most recent summary of the database, 401 points were listed from a base of 44 texts for the treatment of sequelae (hemiplegia, paralysis) of CVA or polio. The Top Ten points were:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 GB30 ST04 LI15 TH05 GB39
Score .86 .79 .77 .74 .73 .72 .68 .66 .62 .62
The Maximum score possible was .964. The bottom 10 points were:
Ranking 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401
Point CV13 CV17 BL65 LI01 ST23 BL07 KI20 GB06 GB43 LV06
Score .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02
The scores have been rounded up or down to the second decimal place. Clearly, the first list would be expected to give better therapeutic results than the second list above.
However, selection of the Top Ten points in the above list would not necessarily be the best selection for a CVA sequel which was primarily mutism or aphasia. For such cases, the top 10 points are:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point CV23 GV15 HT05 LI04 Z 21 TH03 GB02 TH17 NZ32 SI19
Score .82 .72 .44 .37 .27 .23 .23 .21 .20 .18
(From a total of 71 possible points listed by 27 texts, maximum possible score was .952)
The differences between the Top Ten points for CVA and the Top Ten points for aphasia underline the need for formulating specific questions for the computer search. Where possible, one should search the database for general data (CVA), general region (head, neck, thoracic limb etc), specific region (arm, leg, hip, etc), specific nerve (mandibular, hypoglossal, radial etc). Where specific symptoms are marked (aphasia, incontinence, etc) they should also be searched.
The greatest volume of data refers to the abdomen and its organs/functions. Although there are points listed for "abdomen", "digestive upsets", "reproductive disorders" etc, these lists should be used as guidelines for general study or general consideration. In specific cases, it is preferable to search under the most relevant symptom or condition, such as "vomiting", "diarrhoea", "constipation" etc, rather than "digestive upset" or "metritis", "infertility", "impotence", "oligospermia" etc, rather than "reproductive disorders".
The database covers >1100 headings (regions, organs, conditions, symptoms, etc). The printout of the complete listing for the Top Twenty points runs to some 160 pages of full-width (132-character) computer paper. In one hour, it is not possible to cover these data. Therefore, I have chosen to list the Top Twenty points for about 130 of the major body regions and their subregions and organs (Appendix 2). The Top Twenty points for about 130 of the more common symptoms are also listed (Appendix 3).
PRESCRIPTIONS FOR MAJOR BODY AREAS, FUNCTIONS, SUB-REGIONS AND COMBINATIONS OF SIMILAR CONDITIONS
In the database (see Appendices 1,2,3) points are filed under separate condition codes such as:
040201 Shoulder area (unspecified conditions)
040202 Clavicle: APA for fracture reduction
040203 Shoulder: APA for dislocation reduction
040205 Shoulder, scapula : pain .. ache.. .arthritis etc
040211 Shoulder, scapular: paralysis
040219 Deltoid: myofascial syndrome
Using the computer, it was possible to combine information to retrieve all points used in, for example, all conditions of "shoulder, clavicle and scapular area" (a total of 181 points from 45 references). In this way, the entire database was summarised by amalgamation of data for major body areas, functions, subregions and combinations of similar conditions.
The Top Twenty points and their scores are listed in Appendix 2. These lists should prove useful in the study of AP and as reference material for teaching seminars. They do not, however, supplant the lists of points for specific symptoms but should be seen as general guidelines in the choice of points.
PRESCRIPTIONS FOR COMMON SYMPTOMS
The database was searched for a cross-section of common symptoms, especially those relating to the musculoskeletal system (pain, paralysis) and to major body functions. The Top Twenty points and their scores for some 130 symptoms or conditions are listed in Appendix 3. It must be remembered that only the Top Twenty points are given here. There are many other points which could be considered, especially if a number of symptoms occur together. In complicated cases, for example, neurogenic vomiting and dehydration in the dog, points for the main symptom (vomiting: PC06; ST36; CV12; ST25) could be combined with supportive therapy (fluid replacement).
In cases of anaesthetic emergency or respiratory arrest, main points (GV26, KI01) could be combined with artificial respiration (though the latter is seldom needed if the points are stimulated strongly). In cases where cardiac arrest has also occurred, point PC06 (very powerful on heart and lungs) could be added to GV26, KI01, and open or closed heart massage, defibrillation or other methods would be added.
Please scan Appendices 1, 2 and 3 now, and then return to the discussion which follows.
MASTER POINTS FOR CHANNEL THERAPY
Apart from the 66 Command Points, there are other powerful points to redistribute Qi between imbalanced Channels. These are the Shu-Back Association (Reflex) Points, the Mu-Front Alarm Points, the Luo-Passage (Connecting Points between the Phase-Mate Channels within one Phase), the Xi-Cleft Points, the Test Points, the Ryodoraku (Japanese Points), and the HE (Sea Points). The latter points are not the same as the HO points on the Channels. In addition there is an Hour Point (the Phase point of a Channel, for example the Earth Point of SP, the Water point of BL etc). SP21 is the Great Luo point (Luo point of all the Yin Channels).
Taken together, the 66 Command/Su Points, plus the Shu, Mu, Luo, Xi, Test, Ryodoraku, HE, Hour and SP21 Points are called the Master Points of AP.
1. Veterinary acupuncture (AP) is based primarily on human AP principles and the choice of points for particular conditions is very similar to the choice for similar human conditions.
2. Using a Hewlett-Packard Minicomputer, data from over 55 textbooks and clinical articles were stored. Frequency-ranked prescriptions for >1100 clinical conditions were generated from the computer database.
3. The Top Twenty Points from each prescription were extracted from the database summary. From this list, the most important points for major body regions (head, neck, thoracic limb, thorax, nose, throat, shoulder, elbow, lung, stomach, etc) and common symptoms (shock, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, etc) were extracted.
4. Appendix 1 comments on the use of the point Index, the structure of the Index and the code and name of each point. Appendices 2 and 3 list the points. Examples of methods of point selection for specific conditions and for more complex syndromes (combinations of symptoms) are given in the text.
5. Advantages and disadvantages of the COOKBOOK METHOD of point selection are discussed in relation to holistic (traditional) AP.
INTRODUCTION
Western veterinary AP is based primarily on transposition of human AP principles to animal patients. To select effective points for therapy, one makes appropriate adjustments for differences in anatomy, location of peripheral nerves, and temperament of the animal (Rogers, 1980b; Molinier, 1983; Westermayer, 1981). There are some texts on traditional veterinary AP and some Western experts have produced texts which are based on traditional points. Others have written texts on the transposition method. Advantages and disadvantages of the transposition method have been discussed elsewhere (Rogers, 1982b).
Studies of the electrical resistance of skin in dogs, horses and cattle have confirmed the existence of REPP (reactive electropermeable points) at locations predictable from the human AP system (Janssens; Krueger; Greiff; Kothbauer). In AP research with primates, laboratory animals (mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits) and larger species, the human transposition system is the one used routinely to locate points such as LU01; LI04,11,15,20; ST09,25,36; SP06,09; HT07; BL points; PC06; TH05,08,14,17; GB20,30,34; LV03,14; GV26 etc. The clinical and experimental effects of stimulating these points have been confirmed worldwide in the past 10 years in many animal species (laboratory, farm, domestic and zoo).
Uses of the computer in AP and the advantages and disadvantages of computer -generated prescriptions were discussed elsewhere (Rogers 1984 a, b). Many professionals still refuse to use a computer. I believe that this refusal stems from fear (that they will not be able to master it) and ignorance of what a modern computer can and cannot do. Traditionally-trained acupuncturists may scorn the idea of cookbooks (although they use their own favourite prescriptions - a poor Cookbook). They would be horrified at the idea of computerising AP.
COOKBOOK AP: Many have told me that "prescription AP", especially the free availability of prescriptions, do AP a disservice. They assume that the cowboys (quacks, charlatans, get-rich-quick merchants) will proliferate and thrive if such information is freely available. I do not believe this. I would prefer to see AP develop rapidly. This will not happen if we must wait for a high percentage of the professions to develop to Master Acupuncturist status. The use of AhShi therapy and cookbooks brings more professionals into the active AP field than any other method that I know.
This paper discusses computer-based AP prescriptions for selected areas and symptoms under 3 main headings
: computer AP databases
: prescriptions for major body areas, functions, subregions
: prescriptions for common symptoms
It has taken me more than 11 years to amass these data. Therefore I ask each of you to treat the material as copyright. You are welcome to use it for clinical, study and research purposes, but not for commercial publication in text, computerised, microfiche form, etc. You are free to make personal copies for friends or colleagues, but only on condition that they also agree to respect the copyright.
The Channel and Point coding used throughout this text is: LU, LI, ST, SP, HT, SI, BL, KI, PC, TH, GB, LV, CV, GV; ST08 (TouWei) is on the temple, BL41 (FuFen) is at T2 and BL40 (WeiZhong) is in the popliteal crease. This is the same as that used by IVAS. The alphanumeric code and name of each point is shown in Appendix 1. As there is no internationally accepted coding system to-date, you are urged to check my coding system (Appendix 1) at this stage and to compare it with the one which you use. This is most important to prevent confusion and error.
COMPUTER AP DATABASES
The larger the database, the more points are filed under any given region, symptom or condition. However, the first 6-10 points listed (in order of descending citation score) are the most important for routine use. For example, in the most recent summary of the database, 401 points were listed from a base of 44 texts for the treatment of sequelae (hemiplegia, paralysis) of CVA or polio. The Top Ten points were:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 GB30 ST04 LI15 TH05 GB39
Score .86 .79 .77 .74 .73 .72 .68 .66 .62 .62
The Maximum score possible was .964. The bottom 10 points were:
Ranking 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401
Point CV13 CV17 BL65 LI01 ST23 BL07 KI20 GB06 GB43 LV06
Score .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02
The scores have been rounded up or down to the second decimal place. Clearly, the first list would be expected to give better therapeutic results than the second list above.
However, selection of the Top Ten points in the above list would not necessarily be the best selection for a CVA sequel which was primarily mutism or aphasia. For such cases, the top 10 points are:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point CV23 GV15 HT05 LI04 Z 21 TH03 GB02 TH17 NZ32 SI19
Score .82 .72 .44 .37 .27 .23 .23 .21 .20 .18
(From a total of 71 possible points listed by 27 texts, maximum possible score was .952)
The differences between the Top Ten points for CVA and the Top Ten points for aphasia underline the need for formulating specific questions for the computer search. Where possible, one should search the database for general data (CVA), general region (head, neck, thoracic limb etc), specific region (arm, leg, hip, etc), specific nerve (mandibular, hypoglossal, radial etc). Where specific symptoms are marked (aphasia, incontinence, etc) they should also be searched.
The greatest volume of data refers to the abdomen and its organs/functions. Although there are points listed for "abdomen", "digestive upsets", "reproductive disorders" etc, these lists should be used as guidelines for general study or general consideration. In specific cases, it is preferable to search under the most relevant symptom or condition, such as "vomiting", "diarrhoea", "constipation" etc, rather than "digestive upset" or "metritis", "infertility", "impotence", "oligospermia" etc, rather than "reproductive disorders".
The database covers >1100 headings (regions, organs, conditions, symptoms, etc). The printout of the complete listing for the Top Twenty points runs to some 160 pages of full-width (132-character) computer paper. In one hour, it is not possible to cover these data. Therefore, I have chosen to list the Top Twenty points for about 130 of the major body regions and their subregions and organs (Appendix 2). The Top Twenty points for about 130 of the more common symptoms are also listed (Appendix 3).
PRESCRIPTIONS FOR MAJOR BODY AREAS, FUNCTIONS, SUB-REGIONS AND COMBINATIONS OF SIMILAR CONDITIONS
In the database (see Appendices 1,2,3) points are filed under separate condition codes such as:
040201 Shoulder area (unspecified conditions)
040202 Clavicle: APA for fracture reduction
040203 Shoulder: APA for dislocation reduction
040205 Shoulder, scapula : pain .. ache.. .arthritis etc
040211 Shoulder, scapular: paralysis
040219 Deltoid: myofascial syndrome
Using the computer, it was possible to combine information to retrieve all points used in, for example, all conditions of "shoulder, clavicle and scapular area" (a total of 181 points from 45 references). In this way, the entire database was summarised by amalgamation of data for major body areas, functions, subregions and combinations of similar conditions.
The Top Twenty points and their scores are listed in Appendix 2. These lists should prove useful in the study of AP and as reference material for teaching seminars. They do not, however, supplant the lists of points for specific symptoms but should be seen as general guidelines in the choice of points.
PRESCRIPTIONS FOR COMMON SYMPTOMS
The database was searched for a cross-section of common symptoms, especially those relating to the musculoskeletal system (pain, paralysis) and to major body functions. The Top Twenty points and their scores for some 130 symptoms or conditions are listed in Appendix 3. It must be remembered that only the Top Twenty points are given here. There are many other points which could be considered, especially if a number of symptoms occur together. In complicated cases, for example, neurogenic vomiting and dehydration in the dog, points for the main symptom (vomiting: PC06; ST36; CV12; ST25) could be combined with supportive therapy (fluid replacement).
In cases of anaesthetic emergency or respiratory arrest, main points (GV26, KI01) could be combined with artificial respiration (though the latter is seldom needed if the points are stimulated strongly). In cases where cardiac arrest has also occurred, point PC06 (very powerful on heart and lungs) could be added to GV26, KI01, and open or closed heart massage, defibrillation or other methods would be added.
Please scan Appendices 1, 2 and 3 now, and then return to the discussion which follows.
MASTER POINTS FOR CHANNEL THERAPY
Apart from the 66 Command Points, there are other powerful points to redistribute Qi between imbalanced Channels. These are the Shu-Back Association (Reflex) Points, the Mu-Front Alarm Points, the Luo-Passage (Connecting Points between the Phase-Mate Channels within one Phase), the Xi-Cleft Points, the Test Points, the Ryodoraku (Japanese Points), and the HE (Sea Points). The latter points are not the same as the HO points on the Channels. In addition there is an Hour Point (the Phase point of a Channel, for example the Earth Point of SP, the Water point of BL etc). SP21 is the Great Luo point (Luo point of all the Yin Channels).
Taken together, the 66 Command/Su Points, plus the Shu, Mu, Luo, Xi, Test, Ryodoraku, HE, Hour and SP21 Points are called the Master Points of AP.
1. In disorder of the associated Channel-Organ System (COS), there is usually tenderness on palpation of the Yuan, Mu, Shu and Test points. The Test points may feel cold in Yin states and hot in Yang states. The RYODORAKU points are electro-sensitive diagnostic points used in Japanese diagnosis. Their readings are hypo- in Yin and hyper- in Yang states.
2. All MASTER points, except Shu, Mu and HE points, are on their respective Channels and lie between the elbow and finger or between the knee and toe.
3. The Yuan-Luo combination uses the Yuan of the affected Channel with the Luo of the Phase-Mate Channel, i.e in lung disease, LU09 (Yuan of LU) plus LI06 (Luo of LI).
An examination of most of the listings in Appendices 2 and 3 shows that the Top Ten points obey the basic laws of choosing AP points. In summary, these laws suggest a choice of points from:
a. AhShi points (including Trigger Points, tender scars, fibrositic nodules etc)
b. Local points (which also meet condition (d)).
c. Distant points on the Channel through the affected area or on the Channel of the affected organ. A chain of points on the affected Channel is said to be specially powerful.
d. Points on the affected nerve, the nerve supply related to the affected organ or area, or in the same or a nearby spinal nerve segment.
e. Encircling the problem area; "Fore and Aft" points; combination of Yin side and Yang side points (medial/lateral; anterior/posterior).
f. Combination of Mu and Shu (Front Alarm + Back Association) points.
g. Combination of affected Yuan and Luo of Mate (Source Point of the affected Channel plus Passage point of its Phase-Mate Channel (LU-LI; ST-SP; HT-SI; BL-KI; PC-TH; GB-LV).
h. Xi-Cleft point of affected Channel.
i. One or more of the Five Phase Points (Energetic balancing points).
j. Symptomatic points (traditionally known to have marked effect for the specific symptoms, for example, GV26 in shock, emergencies; PC06 in nausea or vomiting).
k. Extra-Channel points ("New" or "Strange" points, points not on the Main Channels), especially those effective for the condition, e.g. NX04 (TingChuan) in asthma.
l. Points on the Phase-Mate of the affected Channel (e.g.) ST points in spleen diseases; SP points in stomach diseases.
m. TianYing point (OT02, centre of the goitre etc).
n. One point on each of the 4 limbs (e.g. LI04 and ST44, both bilateral, in tonsillitis or toothache).
Let us examine the Top Ten points from some prescriptions (Appendices 2,3) in detail under three basic headings:
1. Local conditions or regions
2. Conditions of specific internal organs or their functions
3. Generalised conditions and complex syndromes.
In each of these conditions, codes (a) to (n) mentioned above are used to show the laws observed by the points in the Top Ten list.
1. LOCAL CONDITIONS OR REGIONS: Let us pick problems of the eye, nose, neck, shoulder, elbow, lowback, hip and knee (stifle) as examples from Appendix 1:
EYE: BL01 (b); LI04 (c, as the LI Channel connects to ST Channel at the eye); GB2O (c);also Wood (GB,LV) controls the eyes; ST01 (b); Z09 (b, k); BL02 (b); ST02 (b); GB14 (b,c (Wood)); TH23 (b); BL18 (liver controls eyes. BL18 is Shu point of liver, b). The combination BL01, ST01, Z 09, GB14 meets law (e) above and is very useful in eye diseases. 7/10 of these points are local points.
NOSE: LI04 (c,g,i,j); LI20 (b); GB20 (j); GV23 (c); LI11 (c,i,j); GV14 (c,j); Z 03 (b,k); BL07 (c); LI19 (b); ST02 (b). The combination LI20, Z 03, ST02 also meets law (e). 4/10 of these points are local points.
NECK: GB2O (b); GV14 (b); LI04 (c,g,i); BL10 (b); SI03 (c,i.j); LI11 (c,i,j); OT01 (AhShi point - a); GB21 (b,c depending on site of problem); GB39 (c,j); SI15 (b). The combination GB20,21, BL10, GV14, SI15 also meets law (e). 5/10 of these points are local.
SHOULDER area: LI15 (b,j); LI11 (c,i,j); TH14 (b,j); Sl11 (b); Sl09 (b); LI04 (e,g,j); OT01 (a); Sl10 (b); OT05 (local points, b); BL11 (d ,j ). A combination of SI09, LI15 and a new point l" above anterior axillary crease is known as the "shoulder triplet". The combination meets law (e) above and has powerful effects in shoulder conditions. 6/10 of these points are local points.
ELBOW: LI11 (b,i,j); TH05 (c,j); LI04 (c,g,i); HT03 (b,i); LU05 (b,i); LI10 (b); OT01 (a); LI12 (b); TH10 (b); SI07 (c). 6/10 of these points are local.
LOWBACK: BL23 (b,j); BL40 (c,i,j); GB30 (c, linked to lowback via BL Channel, d,j); BL60 (c,i,j); GB34 (c (via BL link), i,j); BL25 (b); BL37 (c); GV04 (b); BL57 (c); BL31 (b). 4/10 of these points are local.
HIP: GB30 (b,j); GB34 (c,i,j); GB29 (b); GB31 (c); BL40 (c via link to GB Channel, i,j); BL60 (c,i,j); OT01 (a); GB39 (c,i,j); ST36 (d,i); LV08 (-). Although only 2/10 of these points are local, 2 of the top 3 points are local.
KNEE: GB34 (b,i,j); BL40 (b,i,j); L 16 (b,k); ST35 (b); SP09 (b); ST36 (c,i); ST34 (b); LV08 (c); OT01 (a); GB31 (c). The first05 of these points are the most commonly used combination (obeying law e) and all are local points.
In the eight local conditions discussed above, seven have a local point as the first in the list (the 8th has a local point as second on the list).
2. CONDITIONS OF INTERNAL ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS: Let us consider the Top Ten points in five of the conditions in Appendix 2. Close examination of other lists in the appendices will show that they follow similar logic.
PLEURA: BL42, BL47, BL43, KI23, KI22, BL13, GB32 (7/10 points) are on the thorax or dorsal paravertebral area (local). Two of the other three (ST12, BL11) are at the thoracic inlet and the 10th point (GB44) obeys law (c).
HEART, PERICARDIUM: Only 3 of the Top Ten (BL15, BL14, CV17) are over or near the organs. They obey laws (b), (d), (e) and (f). Six of the remainder (PC06, PC07, HT05, PC05, PC07, PC04) are on the HT or PC Channel (laws c, i, j). The 10th point (ST36) is a Master Point, with many functions, including effects on HT and PC.
COUGH, GENERAL: BL13, CV22, GV12, BL12, CV17 (5 of the top 10 points) are over the thorax, trachea or dorsal paravertebral area. They obey laws (b), (d), (e), (f), (j). Three points (LU05,07, 10) are on the LU (lung) Channel (laws c, i). The remaining two points (ST4O, GV14) meet laws c and i.
LIVER: 6/10 points (BL18,19,20,48; GV09; LV13) are over or near the liver. They obey laws b, d, e, f, j. The remaining four points (LV03, ST36, GB34, SP06) are master points. They obey laws c, g, i, j.
GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION: 6/10 points are in the lumbosacral innervation area (low abdomen or l/s paravertebral area). They are: CV03,04,06; GV04; GB26; BL32. They obey laws (b), (d), (e), (j). The four remaining points (SP06,10; LV03; ST36) are Master Points with major effect on low abdomen and its functions. They obey laws (c), (i), (j).
2a. IF AN ORGAN OR FUNCTION HAS NO NAMED CHANNEL, points can be chosen from combinations relating to the nearest organs, or Channels, or functions. For example, suppose there were no entries for the following organs:
Thymus: consider points from combinations for heart, lungs, stomach (nearest organs) and immunity (a closely allied function).
Diaphragm, oesophagus: consider heart, lung, stomach combination.
Appendix: consider lower right abdomen and large intestine combinations + immunity.
Adrenal (beside kidney): consider kidney combinations.
Ovary, tubes, uterus: consider kidney, bladder, low abdominal and large intestinal combinations.
Vagina, vulva, scrotum, testicles, penis: these are controlled by the 3 Leg Yin Channels (SP, LV, KI). Consider points on these Channels + points for low abdomen, bladder.
3. GENERALISED CONDITIONS AND COMPLEX SYNDROMES: Generalised conditions include metabolic, hormonal, toxic, general autonomic upsets, etc (such as gout, diabetes, food poisoning, shock, neurasthenia, etc). Although one symptom may be dominant, it is usual to have a number of symptoms and abnormalities occurring together.
For example, in gout, the presenting symptom may be pain in the big toe (or other joint), but other symptoms could include liver enlargement + pain; headaches; irritability; blurred vision; tiredness, etc. The comprehensive treatment would entail dietary advice (possibly involving food allergy/intolerance testing) and increased fluid intake. AP would be aimed at the more severe symptom (say toe pain) but other points (especially LV and GB) would be aimed at the other symptoms. The liver is central in gout and many allergies. Treat the liver.
In diabetes mellitus, polyuria, neuropathy and other signs can arise. Dietary advice, together with points for diabetes (see Appendix 2) the local regions affected by neuropathy and the kidney (Appendices 1 and 2) would be indicated.
In food poisoning, vomiting and diarrhoea would be tackled by points such as CV12, PC06, ST25,36,37 but other symptoms (dehydration, prostration etc) would best be tackled by fluid replacement. Medication (kaolin, chlorodyne) can assist the gastrointestinal symptoms.
In shock, points like GV26, KI01, ST36, PC06 can be of immediate help but accurate diagnosis of the pathology is essential and would indicate other interventions (surgery, if severe internal bleeding; fluids, stimulants, warmth, etc where indicated).
In neurasthenia, insomnia, excitement etc, the HT and PC Channels control these functions in traditional belief. Consider HT, PC points.
DISCUSSION
1. IN MOST LOCAL PROBLEMS (joint, muscle, superficial organ etc) the best prescription combines AhShi points and local points + distant points on the affected or related Channel. It is important to check the location as regards the nerve supply and the Channel. For example, the best combination for pain in the medial epicondyle of the humerus will not be identical to the best combination for the lateral epicondyle. However, in traditional AP, it is not enough to pick any local point. (Some local points are better than others, or, at least, are more frequently recommended than others).
Modern neurophysiological concepts of AP stress that adequate stimulation of the affected or related NERVES will produce results as good as the traditional method but adequate clinical or research testing of the traditional versus modern (nerve theory) methods has not been done. For the moment, I give the benefit of the doubt to the traditional system, which has stood the test of time.
2. IN DISEASE OF INTERNAL ORGANS, the most important points lie near the organ in the thoracoabdominal area or in the paravertebral area (the Mu, Shu and Huatochiachi (X 35) points, CV and GV points). Where the organ has a named Channel (LU, LI, ST, SP, HT, SI, BL, KI, PC, GB, LV) it is common to include one or more points on that Channel (distant as well as local points). Also, the course of the Channel is important. For example, the liver, kidney and spleen Channels traverse the inner thighs and groin area. Distant points on these Channels are important in genital and lower abdominal conditions.
In general, if a symptom or abnormal function can be traced to a specific COS, treat that COS. If more than one symptom/organ system is involved, choose a combination of points which will influence all the major symptoms or upset organs.
3. IN ACUTE SERIOUS CONDITIONS, WITH MULTIPLE SYMPTOMS AND PATHOLOGY, it is unwise to rely solely on AP. AP can often give considerable help (using points as indicated by the main symptoms and pathology) but conventional or unconventional (complementary) therapies may need to be used as well.
4. IN CHRONIC COMPLICATED CASES, where immediate life-threatening symptoms or pathology are absent, one can rely more on AP as the main therapy (in cases amenable to treatment). At all times, however, the aim of good medicine is to help the patient to the greatest extent, with the minimum of side effects. Therefore, it is good practice to use whatever complementary therapies seem best indicated.
Analysis of the database indicates that points from the list: LI04,11;
ST25,36; SP06; HT07; BL23,40; PC06; TH05; GB20,34; LV03; CV06,12; GV04,12,14,20,26 arise in a high proportion of cases. In complex cases, if one has difficulty in deciding on a prescription, it is advisable to include a few points from that list.
LIMITATIONS OF COOKBOOK AP: How would one treat the following syndrome? The patient had the following symptoms (at different times) during a period of 6 years, beginning two years after radical right lung surgery: recurrent haemorrhagic nephritis; cystitis; right-sided sciatica; right- sided paravertebral pain (C6 - T4 area); right-sided headache and bouts of acute conjunctivitis (right); right ear tinnitus; waking at night with severe pain along the SI Channel of the arm to the little finger, with the arm in spasm.
To try cookbook prescriptions in such a case would be second-rate AP. There was obviously a connection between all these symptoms (all relate to SI, BL, KI) and most were right sided symptoms. On examination, the patient's thoracotomy scar was badly twisted, with adhesions on the right BL line. This was the clue. Blockage of the Qi flow (traditional concept) or reflex irritation effects (Western concept) could cause all of these symptoms via the Chinese SI-BL-KI energy cycle. Treatment was physiotherapy + injection of the scar plus a few AP sessions using BL points. All symptoms were successfully cleared. Cookbooks have their limitations and Chefs do not need them.
CONCLUSIONS
Cookbooks or computerised prescribing is very valuable for beginners and for those working in a clinic. However, one should not rely too much on machines or computers. Computers need electrical power. In national disaster and warfare, and in many of the developing countries, electrical power, batteries etc may be unavailable where they are needed most. Therefore, it is important for the development of medicine and veterinary medicine that as many professionals as possible should study the basics of AP. This learning process can be accelerated by interaction with a computerised database (Rogers 1984a). Adequate knowledge of AP will enable it to be used more widely in field work (large animal work, medics and paramedics in the bush).
Although the data reported here (Appendices 1,2,3) are but a small fraction of the database, it is obvious that for most conditions, the Top Ten Points usually will be worth considering. However, in some complicated cases, points not in the Top Ten may be most relevant. The statistical method is very useful for population medicine, but it may be disastrous for the unfortunate patients who need individually designed care.
As a general rule, if a Cookbook prescription does not produce definite results by 2-3 sessions, it is necessary to (a) change the choice of points, or (b) consider other therapies, or (c) regard yourself as unable to assist.
The enthusiastic amateur AP practitioner will get useful results with the COOKBOOK but more complicated or deeply rooted problems require more holistic (traditional + modern + complementary + intuitive) therapy. Therefore, I strongly encourage you to continue your study of Chinese AP in depth. To get the best results, use the cookbook as the first-line of attack (in conditions amenable to AP) but be prepared to fall back on traditional and other methods if results do not follow quickly (Rogers 1984b). This assumes that the user is trained in basic AP and is able to interpret the point selections.
When using the prescriptions given in this paper, please note (a) the number of references in the prescriptions, (b) the maximum possible score, (c) the score of each point in the list (calculated by ratio to the maximum possible score), and (d) the variation in scores between points. If there are few references, the prescription may be of doubtful value. If the maximum possible score is (say) .90 and the max. score for any point is (say) less than .40, the prescription may be doubtful. If there is little variation between the scores and all scores are greater than .40, various combinations of points should be equally effective.
Remember that the best prescriptions usually combine AhShi points, LOCAL points, DISTANT points and (if internal organs are involved) Mu + Shu + Yuan + Luo combinations. Thus, the wheel turns full circle. The traditional methods of point selection were best after all. Modern technology has merely re-invented the wheel !
REFERENCES
Greiff, Walter; Janssens, Luc; Kothbauer, Oswald (1970-1983). Verification of AP point locations in nimals by electrical methods and by experimental and/or clinical results.
Kothbauer, Oswald ( 1983). Veterinary AP - Ox, Swine and Horse. Verlag Welsermuhl, Wels, Austria, 334 pp.
Krueger, C. (1976). AP point topography in the horse. Am. J. Acup. 4, 276-.
Molinier, F. ( 1983). Localisation of veterinary AP points. Rev. d'Acup. Vet. (Paris), No. 17 (4), 6-.
Rogers, P.A.M. (1982a). The study of AP: Sources and study techniques IVAS Annual Congress, Cincinnati, Ohio (33pp + appendix).
Rogers, P.A.M. (1982b). The study of AP: Points and Channels in animals. Ibid. (23 pp).
Rogers, P.A.M. (1982c). The choice of points for AP therapy. Ibid. (26 pp).
Rogers, P.A.M. (1984a). Computer applications in the study and clinical use of AP. IVAS Annual Congress, Austin, Texas, 13 pp.
Rogers, P.A.M. (1984b). Traditional versus cookbook AP. Ibid. 40 pp.
Westermayer, E. (1981). Channels and ancient points, especially in cattle. IVAS Annual Congress, Cincinnati, Ohio, 21 pp.
Yu Chuan & Hwang Yann-Ching (1990) Handbook on Chinese Veterinary AP and Moxibustion. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 193pp.
2. All MASTER points, except Shu, Mu and HE points, are on their respective Channels and lie between the elbow and finger or between the knee and toe.
3. The Yuan-Luo combination uses the Yuan of the affected Channel with the Luo of the Phase-Mate Channel, i.e in lung disease, LU09 (Yuan of LU) plus LI06 (Luo of LI).
An examination of most of the listings in Appendices 2 and 3 shows that the Top Ten points obey the basic laws of choosing AP points. In summary, these laws suggest a choice of points from:
a. AhShi points (including Trigger Points, tender scars, fibrositic nodules etc)
b. Local points (which also meet condition (d)).
c. Distant points on the Channel through the affected area or on the Channel of the affected organ. A chain of points on the affected Channel is said to be specially powerful.
d. Points on the affected nerve, the nerve supply related to the affected organ or area, or in the same or a nearby spinal nerve segment.
e. Encircling the problem area; "Fore and Aft" points; combination of Yin side and Yang side points (medial/lateral; anterior/posterior).
f. Combination of Mu and Shu (Front Alarm + Back Association) points.
g. Combination of affected Yuan and Luo of Mate (Source Point of the affected Channel plus Passage point of its Phase-Mate Channel (LU-LI; ST-SP; HT-SI; BL-KI; PC-TH; GB-LV).
h. Xi-Cleft point of affected Channel.
i. One or more of the Five Phase Points (Energetic balancing points).
j. Symptomatic points (traditionally known to have marked effect for the specific symptoms, for example, GV26 in shock, emergencies; PC06 in nausea or vomiting).
k. Extra-Channel points ("New" or "Strange" points, points not on the Main Channels), especially those effective for the condition, e.g. NX04 (TingChuan) in asthma.
l. Points on the Phase-Mate of the affected Channel (e.g.) ST points in spleen diseases; SP points in stomach diseases.
m. TianYing point (OT02, centre of the goitre etc).
n. One point on each of the 4 limbs (e.g. LI04 and ST44, both bilateral, in tonsillitis or toothache).
Let us examine the Top Ten points from some prescriptions (Appendices 2,3) in detail under three basic headings:
1. Local conditions or regions
2. Conditions of specific internal organs or their functions
3. Generalised conditions and complex syndromes.
In each of these conditions, codes (a) to (n) mentioned above are used to show the laws observed by the points in the Top Ten list.
1. LOCAL CONDITIONS OR REGIONS: Let us pick problems of the eye, nose, neck, shoulder, elbow, lowback, hip and knee (stifle) as examples from Appendix 1:
EYE: BL01 (b); LI04 (c, as the LI Channel connects to ST Channel at the eye); GB2O (c);also Wood (GB,LV) controls the eyes; ST01 (b); Z09 (b, k); BL02 (b); ST02 (b); GB14 (b,c (Wood)); TH23 (b); BL18 (liver controls eyes. BL18 is Shu point of liver, b). The combination BL01, ST01, Z 09, GB14 meets law (e) above and is very useful in eye diseases. 7/10 of these points are local points.
NOSE: LI04 (c,g,i,j); LI20 (b); GB20 (j); GV23 (c); LI11 (c,i,j); GV14 (c,j); Z 03 (b,k); BL07 (c); LI19 (b); ST02 (b). The combination LI20, Z 03, ST02 also meets law (e). 4/10 of these points are local points.
NECK: GB2O (b); GV14 (b); LI04 (c,g,i); BL10 (b); SI03 (c,i.j); LI11 (c,i,j); OT01 (AhShi point - a); GB21 (b,c depending on site of problem); GB39 (c,j); SI15 (b). The combination GB20,21, BL10, GV14, SI15 also meets law (e). 5/10 of these points are local.
SHOULDER area: LI15 (b,j); LI11 (c,i,j); TH14 (b,j); Sl11 (b); Sl09 (b); LI04 (e,g,j); OT01 (a); Sl10 (b); OT05 (local points, b); BL11 (d ,j ). A combination of SI09, LI15 and a new point l" above anterior axillary crease is known as the "shoulder triplet". The combination meets law (e) above and has powerful effects in shoulder conditions. 6/10 of these points are local points.
ELBOW: LI11 (b,i,j); TH05 (c,j); LI04 (c,g,i); HT03 (b,i); LU05 (b,i); LI10 (b); OT01 (a); LI12 (b); TH10 (b); SI07 (c). 6/10 of these points are local.
LOWBACK: BL23 (b,j); BL40 (c,i,j); GB30 (c, linked to lowback via BL Channel, d,j); BL60 (c,i,j); GB34 (c (via BL link), i,j); BL25 (b); BL37 (c); GV04 (b); BL57 (c); BL31 (b). 4/10 of these points are local.
HIP: GB30 (b,j); GB34 (c,i,j); GB29 (b); GB31 (c); BL40 (c via link to GB Channel, i,j); BL60 (c,i,j); OT01 (a); GB39 (c,i,j); ST36 (d,i); LV08 (-). Although only 2/10 of these points are local, 2 of the top 3 points are local.
KNEE: GB34 (b,i,j); BL40 (b,i,j); L 16 (b,k); ST35 (b); SP09 (b); ST36 (c,i); ST34 (b); LV08 (c); OT01 (a); GB31 (c). The first05 of these points are the most commonly used combination (obeying law e) and all are local points.
In the eight local conditions discussed above, seven have a local point as the first in the list (the 8th has a local point as second on the list).
2. CONDITIONS OF INTERNAL ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS: Let us consider the Top Ten points in five of the conditions in Appendix 2. Close examination of other lists in the appendices will show that they follow similar logic.
PLEURA: BL42, BL47, BL43, KI23, KI22, BL13, GB32 (7/10 points) are on the thorax or dorsal paravertebral area (local). Two of the other three (ST12, BL11) are at the thoracic inlet and the 10th point (GB44) obeys law (c).
HEART, PERICARDIUM: Only 3 of the Top Ten (BL15, BL14, CV17) are over or near the organs. They obey laws (b), (d), (e) and (f). Six of the remainder (PC06, PC07, HT05, PC05, PC07, PC04) are on the HT or PC Channel (laws c, i, j). The 10th point (ST36) is a Master Point, with many functions, including effects on HT and PC.
COUGH, GENERAL: BL13, CV22, GV12, BL12, CV17 (5 of the top 10 points) are over the thorax, trachea or dorsal paravertebral area. They obey laws (b), (d), (e), (f), (j). Three points (LU05,07, 10) are on the LU (lung) Channel (laws c, i). The remaining two points (ST4O, GV14) meet laws c and i.
LIVER: 6/10 points (BL18,19,20,48; GV09; LV13) are over or near the liver. They obey laws b, d, e, f, j. The remaining four points (LV03, ST36, GB34, SP06) are master points. They obey laws c, g, i, j.
GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION: 6/10 points are in the lumbosacral innervation area (low abdomen or l/s paravertebral area). They are: CV03,04,06; GV04; GB26; BL32. They obey laws (b), (d), (e), (j). The four remaining points (SP06,10; LV03; ST36) are Master Points with major effect on low abdomen and its functions. They obey laws (c), (i), (j).
2a. IF AN ORGAN OR FUNCTION HAS NO NAMED CHANNEL, points can be chosen from combinations relating to the nearest organs, or Channels, or functions. For example, suppose there were no entries for the following organs:
Thymus: consider points from combinations for heart, lungs, stomach (nearest organs) and immunity (a closely allied function).
Diaphragm, oesophagus: consider heart, lung, stomach combination.
Appendix: consider lower right abdomen and large intestine combinations + immunity.
Adrenal (beside kidney): consider kidney combinations.
Ovary, tubes, uterus: consider kidney, bladder, low abdominal and large intestinal combinations.
Vagina, vulva, scrotum, testicles, penis: these are controlled by the 3 Leg Yin Channels (SP, LV, KI). Consider points on these Channels + points for low abdomen, bladder.
3. GENERALISED CONDITIONS AND COMPLEX SYNDROMES: Generalised conditions include metabolic, hormonal, toxic, general autonomic upsets, etc (such as gout, diabetes, food poisoning, shock, neurasthenia, etc). Although one symptom may be dominant, it is usual to have a number of symptoms and abnormalities occurring together.
For example, in gout, the presenting symptom may be pain in the big toe (or other joint), but other symptoms could include liver enlargement + pain; headaches; irritability; blurred vision; tiredness, etc. The comprehensive treatment would entail dietary advice (possibly involving food allergy/intolerance testing) and increased fluid intake. AP would be aimed at the more severe symptom (say toe pain) but other points (especially LV and GB) would be aimed at the other symptoms. The liver is central in gout and many allergies. Treat the liver.
In diabetes mellitus, polyuria, neuropathy and other signs can arise. Dietary advice, together with points for diabetes (see Appendix 2) the local regions affected by neuropathy and the kidney (Appendices 1 and 2) would be indicated.
In food poisoning, vomiting and diarrhoea would be tackled by points such as CV12, PC06, ST25,36,37 but other symptoms (dehydration, prostration etc) would best be tackled by fluid replacement. Medication (kaolin, chlorodyne) can assist the gastrointestinal symptoms.
In shock, points like GV26, KI01, ST36, PC06 can be of immediate help but accurate diagnosis of the pathology is essential and would indicate other interventions (surgery, if severe internal bleeding; fluids, stimulants, warmth, etc where indicated).
In neurasthenia, insomnia, excitement etc, the HT and PC Channels control these functions in traditional belief. Consider HT, PC points.
DISCUSSION
1. IN MOST LOCAL PROBLEMS (joint, muscle, superficial organ etc) the best prescription combines AhShi points and local points + distant points on the affected or related Channel. It is important to check the location as regards the nerve supply and the Channel. For example, the best combination for pain in the medial epicondyle of the humerus will not be identical to the best combination for the lateral epicondyle. However, in traditional AP, it is not enough to pick any local point. (Some local points are better than others, or, at least, are more frequently recommended than others).
Modern neurophysiological concepts of AP stress that adequate stimulation of the affected or related NERVES will produce results as good as the traditional method but adequate clinical or research testing of the traditional versus modern (nerve theory) methods has not been done. For the moment, I give the benefit of the doubt to the traditional system, which has stood the test of time.
2. IN DISEASE OF INTERNAL ORGANS, the most important points lie near the organ in the thoracoabdominal area or in the paravertebral area (the Mu, Shu and Huatochiachi (X 35) points, CV and GV points). Where the organ has a named Channel (LU, LI, ST, SP, HT, SI, BL, KI, PC, GB, LV) it is common to include one or more points on that Channel (distant as well as local points). Also, the course of the Channel is important. For example, the liver, kidney and spleen Channels traverse the inner thighs and groin area. Distant points on these Channels are important in genital and lower abdominal conditions.
In general, if a symptom or abnormal function can be traced to a specific COS, treat that COS. If more than one symptom/organ system is involved, choose a combination of points which will influence all the major symptoms or upset organs.
3. IN ACUTE SERIOUS CONDITIONS, WITH MULTIPLE SYMPTOMS AND PATHOLOGY, it is unwise to rely solely on AP. AP can often give considerable help (using points as indicated by the main symptoms and pathology) but conventional or unconventional (complementary) therapies may need to be used as well.
4. IN CHRONIC COMPLICATED CASES, where immediate life-threatening symptoms or pathology are absent, one can rely more on AP as the main therapy (in cases amenable to treatment). At all times, however, the aim of good medicine is to help the patient to the greatest extent, with the minimum of side effects. Therefore, it is good practice to use whatever complementary therapies seem best indicated.
Analysis of the database indicates that points from the list: LI04,11;
ST25,36; SP06; HT07; BL23,40; PC06; TH05; GB20,34; LV03; CV06,12; GV04,12,14,20,26 arise in a high proportion of cases. In complex cases, if one has difficulty in deciding on a prescription, it is advisable to include a few points from that list.
LIMITATIONS OF COOKBOOK AP: How would one treat the following syndrome? The patient had the following symptoms (at different times) during a period of 6 years, beginning two years after radical right lung surgery: recurrent haemorrhagic nephritis; cystitis; right-sided sciatica; right- sided paravertebral pain (C6 - T4 area); right-sided headache and bouts of acute conjunctivitis (right); right ear tinnitus; waking at night with severe pain along the SI Channel of the arm to the little finger, with the arm in spasm.
To try cookbook prescriptions in such a case would be second-rate AP. There was obviously a connection between all these symptoms (all relate to SI, BL, KI) and most were right sided symptoms. On examination, the patient's thoracotomy scar was badly twisted, with adhesions on the right BL line. This was the clue. Blockage of the Qi flow (traditional concept) or reflex irritation effects (Western concept) could cause all of these symptoms via the Chinese SI-BL-KI energy cycle. Treatment was physiotherapy + injection of the scar plus a few AP sessions using BL points. All symptoms were successfully cleared. Cookbooks have their limitations and Chefs do not need them.
CONCLUSIONS
Cookbooks or computerised prescribing is very valuable for beginners and for those working in a clinic. However, one should not rely too much on machines or computers. Computers need electrical power. In national disaster and warfare, and in many of the developing countries, electrical power, batteries etc may be unavailable where they are needed most. Therefore, it is important for the development of medicine and veterinary medicine that as many professionals as possible should study the basics of AP. This learning process can be accelerated by interaction with a computerised database (Rogers 1984a). Adequate knowledge of AP will enable it to be used more widely in field work (large animal work, medics and paramedics in the bush).
Although the data reported here (Appendices 1,2,3) are but a small fraction of the database, it is obvious that for most conditions, the Top Ten Points usually will be worth considering. However, in some complicated cases, points not in the Top Ten may be most relevant. The statistical method is very useful for population medicine, but it may be disastrous for the unfortunate patients who need individually designed care.
As a general rule, if a Cookbook prescription does not produce definite results by 2-3 sessions, it is necessary to (a) change the choice of points, or (b) consider other therapies, or (c) regard yourself as unable to assist.
The enthusiastic amateur AP practitioner will get useful results with the COOKBOOK but more complicated or deeply rooted problems require more holistic (traditional + modern + complementary + intuitive) therapy. Therefore, I strongly encourage you to continue your study of Chinese AP in depth. To get the best results, use the cookbook as the first-line of attack (in conditions amenable to AP) but be prepared to fall back on traditional and other methods if results do not follow quickly (Rogers 1984b). This assumes that the user is trained in basic AP and is able to interpret the point selections.
When using the prescriptions given in this paper, please note (a) the number of references in the prescriptions, (b) the maximum possible score, (c) the score of each point in the list (calculated by ratio to the maximum possible score), and (d) the variation in scores between points. If there are few references, the prescription may be of doubtful value. If the maximum possible score is (say) .90 and the max. score for any point is (say) less than .40, the prescription may be doubtful. If there is little variation between the scores and all scores are greater than .40, various combinations of points should be equally effective.
Remember that the best prescriptions usually combine AhShi points, LOCAL points, DISTANT points and (if internal organs are involved) Mu + Shu + Yuan + Luo combinations. Thus, the wheel turns full circle. The traditional methods of point selection were best after all. Modern technology has merely re-invented the wheel !
REFERENCES
Greiff, Walter; Janssens, Luc; Kothbauer, Oswald (1970-1983). Verification of AP point locations in nimals by electrical methods and by experimental and/or clinical results.
Kothbauer, Oswald ( 1983). Veterinary AP - Ox, Swine and Horse. Verlag Welsermuhl, Wels, Austria, 334 pp.
Krueger, C. (1976). AP point topography in the horse. Am. J. Acup. 4, 276-.
Molinier, F. ( 1983). Localisation of veterinary AP points. Rev. d'Acup. Vet. (Paris), No. 17 (4), 6-.
Rogers, P.A.M. (1982a). The study of AP: Sources and study techniques IVAS Annual Congress, Cincinnati, Ohio (33pp + appendix).
Rogers, P.A.M. (1982b). The study of AP: Points and Channels in animals. Ibid. (23 pp).
Rogers, P.A.M. (1982c). The choice of points for AP therapy. Ibid. (26 pp).
Rogers, P.A.M. (1984a). Computer applications in the study and clinical use of AP. IVAS Annual Congress, Austin, Texas, 13 pp.
Rogers, P.A.M. (1984b). Traditional versus cookbook AP. Ibid. 40 pp.
Westermayer, E. (1981). Channels and ancient points, especially in cattle. IVAS Annual Congress, Cincinnati, Ohio, 21 pp.
Yu Chuan & Hwang Yann-Ching (1990) Handbook on Chinese Veterinary AP and Moxibustion. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 193pp.
ACUPUNCTURE POINTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN BACKPAIN
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
Nordic Acupuncture Congress, Oslo, Norway, September 1987.
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
Nordic Acupuncture Congress, Oslo, Norway, September 1987.
ABSTRACT
Backpain is only a sign or symptom. It may be primary, secondary, or as part of a generalised disorder. In practice, it may be difficult to make a specific diagnosis of the cause of human backpain, unless X-ray, myelography and other tests are carried out routinely. The practitioner may be satisfied with clinical remission.
In hospitalised patients, AP is successful in treating post-operative pain and complications. It can be successful also in backpain which has not responded to surgery.
AP therapy is by stimulation of relevant reflex points in the skin and muscles. Points of tenderness to palpation are important. They are the AhShi or TRIGGER points (TPs). Stimulation is given to the TPs, paravertebral (Shu) points, and points related to specific areas, organs or functions, e.g.local and distant points on Channels through affected area.
Data from over 66 textbooks and clinical articles were stored on a Hewlett Packard Minicomputer. Frequency-ranked prescriptions for >1100 clinical headings were generated from the database. Some of those, of relevance to backpain (primary and secondary), were analyzed. Pain of central origin is not included. The "Top Twenty" points for selected body regions/organs related to the neck and back are given. Points for certain common signs/symptoms (thoracalgia, lumbalgia, sciatica etc) are given.
Appendix 1 comments on the use of the point index and its structure. It lists the codes and names of all the points. The points for regions and signs are in Appendices 2 and 3. Examples of methods of point selection for simple and more complex conditions (syndromes) are given. Advantages and disadvantages of "Cookbook AP" are discussed in relation to traditional AP concepts.
The following combinations are useful guides to pain control:
Neck: TPs, GB20,21,39, GV14, LI04,11, BL10, SI03,15, ST38 (or GB34)
Thoracic back: TPs, GV09,12,13,14, X 35, BL40,60
Lowback/leg: TPs, GV04, BL23,25,31,37,40,60, GB30,34.
Other methods of point selection (Earpoints, Newpoints, Handpoints etc) must be regarded as experimental at this time.
INTRODUCTION
Traditionally-trained acupuncturists generally scorn the idea of Cookbook acupuncture (AP), although they often use their own formulae (poor cookbooks! ). They would be horrified at the idea of computerising AP. They claim that the free availability of prescriptions do AP a disservice, allowing it to fall into the hands of untrained, unqualified people. I do not accept this. There is one medicine. The best people to practice AP would be those trained in conventional medicine as well as AP. TP therapy (see below), even without any knowledge of AP, may give 60-70% clinical success. If one adds classical AP points, the success rate can increase by 10-20%. The use of TP therapy brings more professionals into the active AP field than any other arguments or demonstrations. Storage of data on computer makes its analysis and retrieval very easy. Databases can be updated and re-analyzed periodically. Computers do not forget (assuming that files are copied and backed up every time they are updated). Advantages and disadvantages of computer-generated prescriptions are discussed in detail elsewhere (Rogers 1984 a,b).
Backpain may be primary (paravertebral muscle pain, thoracolumbar disc disease, vertebral, sacroiliac or arthrotic), secondary (referred from irritation of thoracic or abdominal organs), or as part of a generalised disorder.
This paper deals with the selection of points for human backpain, using Cookbook methods, based on computer analysis of textbook and other data. If other symptoms or organs are involved, the selection of points must take these into consideration.
It has taken me more than 11 years to set up the database. I ask each of you to treat the material as copyright, not for commercial publication in text, computerised, microfiche form. You are welcome to use it for your own professional purposes and to give it to colleagues, if they agree to respect the copyright.
THE BASICS OF AP
The alphanumeric code and name of each point is shown in Appendix 1. As there is no internationally agreed coding system, you should check my codes (Appendix 1) with the codes which you use, to prevent confusion and error. In human AP, the paravertebral Shu (reflex points for all major thoracic and abdominal organs) are located on the inner line of the bladder (BL) Channel as follows:
Lung (LU), Pericardium (PC), Heart (HT), Governor Vessel (GV), Diaphragm = BL13-17, in area T3-T7 respectively; Liver (LV), Gallbladder (GB), Spleen-pancreas (SP), Stomach (ST) =BL18-21, in area T9-T12 respectively; Triple Heater (TH), Kidney (KI), CHIHAISHU, Large Intestine (LI), KUANYUANSHU = BL22-26, in area L1-L5 respectively; Small intestine (SI), Bladder (BL), CHUNGLUSHU, PAIHUANSHU = BL27-30, in area S1-S4 respectively. These points have diagnostic value (when tender). They help to identify the affected organ. They also have therapeutic value in treating the affected organ and local problems near the points. However, local muscle strain or trauma can also cause Shu point tenderness. Thus, Shu point tenderness need not always indicate disorders of the related organs. Points on the outer line of paravertebral BL points (BL41-54) have similar functions to the related points on the inner line. Irritation of the thoracic or abdominal organs can refer pain to related skin and muscle segments, especially in the paravertebral area. This can establish TPs, as detailed by Travell and Simons (1984) and in the TP Therapy Symposium (1981). Long after the visceral pain has gone, the TPs can remain active. Unless TPs in the thoracosacral muscles are "removed" by AP or other physiotherapy, the function of the back muscles is impaired and performance is impaired.
In human AP, the AhShi point is defined as a point, usually in muscle, which is tender on palpation. AhShi means Ouch! or Ah Yes! There are two kinds of AhShi points: those from which palpation elicits only local tenderness and those which radiate pain to the problem area (the area in which the patient complains of pain). The latter type is the true TP of western medicine. It is the most important point in AP therapy and the patient may unaware of TP tenderness until the point is pressed. TPs may occur almost anywhere in muscle. Scars may also act as TPs. TPs in the paravertebral area often correspond with organ Shu points. For example, in coronary disease, patients may have TPs in the area T3-T6. Patients with kidney or ovary problems may be touchy in the area L1-L3 (BL22-24). The reflex point for the ovary and kidney is BL23.
REFERRED PAIN: Pelvic limb lameness is often due to pain referred from thoracolumbar or lumbosacral nerves, as in sciatica. It may arise also in pain referred from abdominal viscera, such as in a painful kidney, ovary, uterus or colon. Thoracic limb lameness may arise in pain referred from cervical or upper thoracic nerves or from pain in thoracic organs (lung, pericardium, heart). Thus, neck- and back-pain often manifest as pain in the thoracic- or pelvic- limb.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS BEFORE TREATMENT
A complete history is taken, together with any findings of previous investigations. In the clinical examination, attention is paid to any lesions or signs related to all major systems or functions. One tries to identify the primary problem(s) and the location(s) of pain. It is essential to probe or palpate the muscles from head to toe, to locate any TPs. Particular attention is paid to the paravertebral muscles and the large muscles of the neck and limbs. The joints and tendons are also palpated. Patients with signs of pain, stiffness or lameness are seldom free of TPs. Their detection is indicated by an expletives or groans or "Ah Yes! " when they are palpated.
Always check for diagonal relationships. Cain stresses that fore-lameness is often accompanied by tenderness at contralateral lumbosacral or hind-limb points in the horse. Also, hind-lameness is sometimes associated with TPs on the contralateral side of the neck. Be careful to check the paravertebral Shu points in relation to the location of limb pathology, for example BL25 (L4-5, large intestine Shu) in radial forearm pain and BL21 (behind last rib, stomach Shu) in anterolateral pain in the pelvic limb etc. In all local problems (neck, shoulder, elbow, back, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral, hip, knee etc), the TPs must be found. They are recorded and marked as they are located. This helps rapid reassessment of the case on later visits. It also makes it easy for the patient to locate them for massage or other physiotherapy (ultrasound, LASER etc) between AP sessions.
DATABASE OR COOKBOOK AP
AP points listed under various symptoms, body parts etc were stored on file. Data under sections on point functions were also stored. The data base was sorted and duplicate entries from specific sources were eliminated. Points were scored by a weighted citation frequency method. Prescriptions were generated for each part and symptom and were output with the highest-scoring points first and the lowest-scoring last.
The larger the database, the more points are filed under any given region, symptom or condition. However, the first 6-10 points listed (in order of descending citation score) are the most important for routine use. For example, in the most recent summary of the database, 401 points were listed from a base of 44 texts for the treatment of sequelae (hemiplegia, paralysis) of CVA or polio.
The Top Ten points were:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 GB30 ST04 LI15 TH05 GB39
Score .86 .79 .77 .74 .73 .72 .68 .66 .62 .62
The Maximum score possible was .964.
The bottom 10 points were:
Ranking 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401
Point CV13 CV17 BL65 LI01 ST23 BL07 KI20 GB06 GB43 LV06
Score .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02
The scores have been rounded up or down to the second decimal place. Clearly, the first list would be expected to give better therapeutic results than the second list above.
However, selection of the Top Ten points in the above list would not necessarily be the best selection for a CVA sequel which was primarily mutism or aphasia. For such cases, the top 10 points are:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point CV23 GV15 HT05 LI04 Z 21 TH03 GB02 TH17 NZ32 SI19
Score .82 .72 .44 .37 .27 .23 .23 .21 .20 .1
(From a total of 71 possible points listed by 27 texts, maximum possible score was .952)
The computer allows one to COMBINE data, to retrieve ALL points used for ALL conditions of (say) the "thoracic back" or "abdomen" etc. In this way, the entire database was summarised by amalgamation of data for major body areas, functions, subregions and combinations of similar conditions. Appendix 2 gives examples. Regional points, however, do not supplant the need to consider points for specific symptoms. For example, in the selection of points for FACIAL PARALYSIS (OPTIC NERVE), one could search under "Head", "Face", "Facial paralysis", "Facial paralysis, optic branch"(see below). Many of the points are common to all those headings, but the specific heading is probably the best source.
020000 HEAD, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
LI04 GB20 ST06 ST07 ST36 LI20 TH17 LI11 TH05 LV03
.946 .927 .896 .896 .852 .787 .-779 -.7-77 -.7-77 .-758
(54 references, 458 possible points, max possible score .963)
020-500 FACE, CHEEK (GENERAL POINTS FOR)
LI04 ST06 ST04 ST07 ST02 LI20 BL02 GB14 TH-17 ST03
.860 .86-0 .780 -.780 .595 .581 .547 -.532 .513 .487
-(49 references, 198 possible points, max possible score .963)
020507 FACE: FACIAL N. PARALYSIS; BELL'S PALSY; FACIAL HEMIPLEGIA; NUMB
ST06 ST04 LI04 ST07 TH17 ST02 LI20 GB14 SI18 ST03
.886 .829 .803 -.717 .606 .586 .-529 .529 .4-43 .414-
(36 references, 111 possible points, max possible score .972)
020508 FACE: FACIAL N. PARALYSIS; BELL'S PALSY, UPPER (OPTIC) BRANCH
LI04 LI20 ST04 ST07 ST06 TH17 GB14 SI18 BL02 Z 09
.664 .664 .588 .580 .504 .504 .504 -.420 .336 -.24-4
(12 references, 46 possible points, max possible score .992)
020509 FACE: FACIAL N.PARALYS-IS; BELL'S PALSY, MIDDLE (MAXILLARY) BRANCH
ST04 ST06 CV24 ST07 ST03 GV26 SI18 LI04 LI20 Z 09
.645 .645 .526 .513 .395 .355 .263 .250 .250 .250
( 8 references, 24 possible points, max possible score .950)
020510 FACE: FACIAL N. PARALYSIS; BELL'S PALSY, LOWER (MANDIBULAR) BRANCH
ST06 CV24 LI04 ST04 ST07 ST03 ST05 TH17 ST18 LI02
.743 .527 .500 .365 .338 .257 .216 .203 .135 .122
( 8 references, 25 possible points, max possible score .925)
The CVA (aphasia) and Head (optic area paralysis) examples show the necessity of specific (as well as general) searches of the database. Where it is possible, one should search the database for general region (neck area, thoracic back, lumbar area etc), specific region (shoulder, hip, knee, etc), specific nerve (where applicable, e.g. radial, sciatic). Where specific symptoms are marked, they should be searched (e.g. insomnia, dysmenorrhoea, polyuria etc).
The data base covers >1100 headings. Only a few are given here, mainly relating to neck, back, associated parts and common symptoms. Appendix 2 covers the parts and Appendix 3 the symptoms.
The data base has 452 headings under abdomen/functions/organs/symptoms. The major headings are listed below.
06---- ABDOMEN AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
0601-- ABDOMEN GENERAL
060101 ABDOMEN: GENERAL POINTS FOR ABDOMEN AREA AND ORGANS
060102 ABDOMEN: APA FOR SURGERY OF ABDOMEN AREA AND ORGANS
0602-- THORACOLUMBAR SPINE AND AREA
060201 BACK, POSTERIOR TRUNK: GENERAL POINTS
060202 THORACOLUMBAR: (AREA, SPINE AND SPINAL CORD) GENERAL POINTS
0603-- LIVER (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, JAUNDICE, ACETONAEMIA ETC)
060301 LIVER: GENERAL POINTS
060302 LIVER: HEPATITIS; PAIN
0604-- SPLEEN
060401 SPLEEN: GENERAL POINTS
060402 SPLEEN: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
0605-- GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: GENERAL SYMPTOMS
060501 STOMACH, INTESTINE AND GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION: GENERAL POINTS
060502 MALABSORPTION: WEIGHT LOSS**XS; EMACIATION etc
0606-- STOMACH AND DUODENUM
060601 STOMACH: GENERAL POINTS
060602 STOMACH: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
0607-- SMALL INTESTINE, APPENDIX, CAECUM, COLON, RECTUM
060701 INTESTINE: GENERAL POINTS
060702 INTESTINE: OBSTRUCTION; P-AIN; VOLVULUS; PAIN##ADHESIONS
0608-- UROGENITAL (GENERAL CONDITI-ONS)
060801 URINARY-GENITAL FUNCTION: GENERAL POINTS
060802 URINARY-GENITAL FUNCTION: PAIN OR PAIN REFERRED FROM
0609-- URINARY TRACT AND FUNCTIONS
060901 URINARY TRACT: GENERAL POINTS FOR URINARY TRACT FUNCTION
060902 URINARY TRACT: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
0610-- GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION
061001 GENITAL-IA, FEMALE: GENERAL POINTS
061002 GENITALIA, FEMALE & MALE: PAIN; NEUR-ALGIA; SENSATION**BURNING etc
0611-- PREGNANCY
061101 PREGNANCY: FORBIDDEN POINTS; MAY INDUCE MISCARRIAGE
061102 PREGNANCY: MORNING SICKNESS; NAUSEA; VOMITING; FAINT
0612-- MAMMARY FEMALE
061201 BREAST, MAMMARY GLAND, NIPPLE: GENERAL POINTS
061202 MAMMARY GLAND, NIPPLE: APA FOR MASTECTOMY OR COSMETIC SURGERY
0613-- MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION
061301 REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION & GENITALIA (FEMALE): MENSTRUAL DISORDE-RS e-tc
061302 MENSTRUATION: PSYCHOGENIC UPSETS DUE TO; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
0614-- REPRODUCTION MALE (IMPOTENCE, SPERMATORRHOEA ETC )
061401 REPRODUCT-IVE FUNCTION & GENITALIA (MALE): GENITAL PROBLEMS etc
061402 ERECTION: POOR OR ABSENT; IMPOTENCE; PREMATURE EJACULATION etc
0615-- GENITALIA MALE
061501 GENITALIA, MALE: (REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION) GENERAL POINTS
061502 GENITALIA: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
The points for treatment depend on the organs and parts involved. In classical AP, there are many Laws or guides to the choice of points. An examination of most of the listings in Appendices 2 and 3 shows that the Top Ten points obey the basic laws of choosing AP points. In summary, these laws suggest a choice of points from:
a. AhShi points (including Trigger Points, tender scars, fibrositic nodules etc)
b. Local points (which also meet condition (d)).
c. Distant points on the Channel through the affected area or on the Channel of the affected organ. A chain of points on the affected Channel is said to be specially powerful.
d. Points on the affected nerve, the nerve supply related to the affected organ or area, or in the same or a nearby spinal nerve segment.
e. Encircling the problem area; "Fore and Aft" points; combination of Yin side and Yang side points (medial/lateral; anterior/posterior).
f. Combination of Mu and Shu (Front Alarm + Back Association) points.
g. Combination of affected Yuan and Luo of Mate (Source Point of the affected Channel plus Passage point of its Phase-Mate Channel (LU-LI; ST-SP; HT-SI; BL-KI; PC-TH; GB-LV).
h. Xi-Cleft point of affected Channel.
i. One or more of the Five Phase Points (Energetic balancing points).
j. Symptomatic points (traditionally known to have marked effect for the specific symptoms, for example, GV26 in shock, emergencies; PC06 in nausea or vomiting).
k. Extra-Channel points ("New" or "Strange" points, points not on the Main Channels), especially those effective for the condition, e.g. NX04 (TingChuan) in asthma.
l. Points on the Phase-Mate of the affected Channel (e.g.) ST points in spleen diseases; SP points in stomach diseases.
m. TianYing point (OT02, centre of the goitre etc).
n. One point on each of the 4 limbs (e.g. LI04 and ST44, both bilateral, in tonsillitis or toothache).
Let us examine the top ten points for some of the prescriptions in the database (Appendices 2 and 3) in detail, under 3 categories:
1. Local areas or regions
2. Conditions of specific organs or their functions
3. Generalised conditions and complex syndromes.
In each of the following prescriptions, codes (a)-(n) above are used to show the Laws observed by the "Top Ten" points in the database.
1. LOCAL AREAS OR REGIONS (Examples from Appendix 2).
NECK: GB20 (b); GV14 (b); LI04 (c, g, i); BL10 (b); SI03 (c, i, j); LI11 (c, i, j); OT01 (TP, a); GB21 (b, c, depending on site of pain); GB39 (c, j); SI15 (b). Combination GB20,21, BL10, GV14, SI15 also meets Law (e). 5/10 of the points are LOCAL.
SHOULDER AREA: LI15 (b, j); LI11 (c, i, j); TH14 (b, j); SI11 (b); SI09 (b); LI04 (e.g.j); OT01 (TP, a); SI10 (b); OT05 (Local points, b); BL11 (d, j). Combination of SI09, LI15 and a New Point 1" above the anterior axillary crease is known as the "Shoulder Triplet" (e). That is a powerful combination in shoulder pain. 6/10 points are LOCAL.
ELBOW: LI11 (b, i, j); TH05 (c, j); LI04 (c, g, i); HT03 (b, i); LU05 (b, i); LI10 (b); OT01 (TP, a); LI12 (b); TH10 (b); SI07 (c). 6/10 points are LOCAL.
THORACIC SPINE, BACK AREA: GV14 (b); BL40 (c); OT01 (TP, a); GV12 (b); OT05 (Local points, b); GV13 (b); X 35 (b, k); GV09 (b); BL60 (c); OT06 (c). 6/10 points are LOCAL.
DORSOLUMBAR SPINE AND AREA: BL40 (c, j); BL23 (b, j); X 35 (b); BL60 (c); OT01 (TP, a); BL37 (c); GB30 (c- via BL link); GV14 (b, c); OT05 (Local points, b); OT06 (c). 4/10 points are LOCAL (2 out of the first 3).
LOWBACK: BL23 (b, j); BL40 (c, i, j); GB30 (c- linked to lowback via BL Channel, d, j); BL60 (c, i, j); GB34 (c- via BL link-, i, j); BL25(b); BL37 (c); GV04 (b); BL57 (c); BL31 (b). 4/10 points are LOCAL.
COCCYGEAL AREA: BL34 (b); BL40 (c, j); SI06 (g, j); BL30 (b); OT01 (TP, a); BL37 (b); X 35 (b, k); OT05 (Local points, b); OT06 (c); BL35 (b). 6/10 points are LOCAL.
HIP: GB30 (b, j); GB34 (c, i, j); GB29 (b); GB31 (c); BL40 (c- via GB30 link-, i, j); BL60 (c, i, j); OT01 (TP, a); GB39 (c, i, j); ST36 (d, i); LV08 (g). Although only 2/10 points are LOCAL, 2 of the top 3 are LOCAL.
THIGH, FEMUR: GB30 (b, j); GB31(b); GB34 (c, j); LV08 (c); ST36 (c); BL23 (j); LV11 (b); BL40 (b, c); BL37 (b); SP06 (c, l). 5/10 points are LOCAL.
KNEE AND POPLITEAL AREA: GB34 (b, i, j); BL40 (b, i, j); L 16 (b, k); ST35 (b); SP09 (b); ST36 (b, c, i); ST34 (b); LV08 (c); OT01 (TP, a). 9/10 points are LOCAL. The first 5 points are the most commonly used and obey Law (e).
In most local problems (joint, muscle, superficial organ etc), as in the 10 examples above, the best prescription combines TPs plus LOCAL points plus DISTANT points on the affected or related Channel. It is important to check the location as regards the nerve supply and the Channel. The best points for the anterior of the shoulder may not be the best ones for the posterior of the shoulder. Furthermore, some local points are more often recommended than others.
2. CONDITIONS OF SPECIFIC ORGANS OR THEIR FUNCTIONS (Examples from Appendix 2).
PLEURA: 7/10 points (BL13,42,43,47, KI22,23, GB32) are on the thorax or dorsal/paravertebral area (e.g. are LOCAL points). Two of the other 3 (ST12, BL11) are at the thoracic inlet and one (GB44) obeys Law (c).
HEART, PERICARDIUM: Only 3 of the top 10 (BL14,15, CV17) are over or near the organs. They obey Laws (b, d, e, f). Six more (PC04,05,06,07, HT05,07) are on the PC or HT Channel (Laws c, i, j). The 10th point (ST36) is a master point, with many functions, including effects on PC and HT.
COUGH, GENERAL: 5 of the top 10 points (BL12,13, CV17,22, GV12) are over the thorax, trachea or dorsal paravertebral area. They obey Laws b, d, e, f, j. Three points (LU05,07,10) are on the LU (lung) Channel (Laws c, i). The last two points (ST40, GV14) obey Laws c, i.
LIVER PROBLEMS: 6/10 points (BL18,19,20,48, GV09 LV13) are over or near the liver. They obey Laws b, d, e, f, j. The other four (LV03, ST36, GB34, SP06) are master points. They obey Laws c, g, i, j.
FEMALE GENITALIA/REPRODUCTION: 6/10 points (CV03,04,06, GV04, GB26, BL32) are in the lumbosacral innervation area (low abdominal or lumbosacral paravertebral area). They obey Laws b, d, e, j. The other 4 points (SP06,10, LV03, ST36) are master points, with major effects on the low abdomen and its functions. They obey Laws c, i, j.
In disease of internal organs, the most important points lie near the organ. The paravertebral points (Shu and X 35), local GV points, the abdominal Mu points and local CV points are the most important. If the organ has a named Channel (LU, LI, ST, SP, HT, SI, BL, KI, PC, GB, LV), one or more local and distant points on that Channel are included. In genital and lower abdominal conditions, distant points on LV, KI, SP Channels can be added, as these Channels pass the inner thighs and the groin area.
If the organ or function has no named Channel, points can be chosen from combinations relating to the nearest Organs/Channels. For example, if there were no data for Thymus, Appendix, Oesophagus, Adrenal etc, one could construct combinations of points:
Thymus, oesophagus: points for heart, lungs, stomach (nearest organs) and immunity (a thymus-related function).
Appendix: points for lower right abdomen, large intestine, immunity.
Ovary, tubes, uterus: points for kidney, bladder, low abdomen, large intestine etc.
Vagina, vulva, scrotum, testicles, penis: points for low belly. Also, the 3 YIN Channels of the feet (SP, KI, LV) pass near the groin- use distant points on them.
3. GENERALISED CONDITIONS AND COMPLEX SYNDROMES
Generalised conditions include metabolic, hormonal, toxic, autonomic upsets (as in gout, diabetes, food poisoning, shock, neurasthenia etc). Although one symptom may be dominant, it is usual for a number of signs or symptoms to occur together. For example, in gout, the presenting symptom may by PAIN IN THE BIG TOE, but on examination, liver enlargement, headaches, irritability, blurred vision, tiredness etc may be present also. The comprehensive treatment would entail advice on diet (possibly involving food allergy/intolerance tests), alcohol and fluid intake. AP would be aimed at the more severe symptom (say toe pain) but the prescription should also help the other symptoms.The LIVER is central in gout and many allergies. Treating LV and GB points (LV03,14, GB34, BL18,19, GB14,20) would help ALL the symptoms.
Neurasthenic patients often complain of backache. Their symptoms may include depression, headache, generalised aches and pains, insomnia, weakness etc. The PC and HT Channels control the spirit, in Chinese belief. Symptoms of neurasthenia can be helped by LOCAL points plus PC/HT points (HT07, PC06, BL14,15) and general points like ST36, LV03, LI04.
In treating complex cases, choose point combinations which influence all the major symptoms and the affected organs. If symptoms or signs can be traced to a Channel function, treat that Organ/Channel. In complex cases other methods (conventional medicine, homoeopathy etc) may be needed also.
Analysis of the entire database for all parts and functions shows that certain points are very commonly cited. They are:
LI04,11, ST25,36, SP06, HT07, BL23,40, PC06, TH05, GB20,34, LV03, CV06,12, GV04,12,14,26. These are Master Points in traditional AP. In complex cases, if one has difficulty in selecting points, it may help to include a few points from the master list.
Example of syndrome related to scar tissue/Channel block
Beginning 2 years after right pulmonectomy, the following symptoms occurred intermittently, or in combinations, over a 6-year period:
recurrent haemorrhagic nephritis and cystitis (BL, KI)
right-sided sciatica (BL)
right-sided paravertebral pain (C6-T4) (BL)
right-sided headache (BL)
right-sided bouts of acute conjunctivitis (BL)
right-ear tinnitus (SI)
waking up at night with right arm in spasm and severe pain along SI Channel to the 5th finger (SI)
Cookbook prescriptions would have been as futile as western medicine in that case. All symptoms related to BL Channel or the Channels upstream (SI) or downstream (KI) from BL in the Channel circuit. All were right-sided, except (possibly) the nephritis/cystitis. There was an obvious connection. The thoracotomy scar was badly twisted, with adhesions on the right BL line. Blockage of "Channel energy" flow in the BL channel could be related to the signs. In western terms, reflex irritation effects could be involved. Treatment was procaine injection of the adhesed part of the scar plus a few sessions of AP on BL points, plus physiotherapy. All symptoms were successfully cleared and did not recur. Cookbooks have their limitations! But cookbook recipes must include TP- (and scar-) therapy.
POSTOPERATIVE PAIN
Janssens (see Rogers 1987) reported that AP has controlled pain in dogs which did not respond to surgery for disc disease. He has also used AP successfully to control pain and other complications arising after abdominal and other surgery. Papers by Russian workers, in press to Scandinavian J. Acup., confirm that AP has similar effects in humans.
Points used in post-operative pain/complications are chosen by the same principles as any other AP point combinations. In addition, one may run long needles subcutaneously, parallel to the wound.
CONCLUSIONS
In practice, it is difficult to make a specific diagnosis of the cause of backpain, due to the difficulty of routine X-ray, myelography and other tests. Many patients presenting with backpain also have other signs or symptoms. One aims to help the patient towards self-healing, not to "heal the backpain". The general practitioner may be satisfied with clinical remission.
Palpation of the muscles, to locate TPs is an essential part of the clinical examination.
The combination of TPs, GB20,21, GV14, BL10, SI15 covers most neck pain. LI04,11, SI03, ST38 (or GB34) are useful distant points.
The combination of TPs, GV09,12,13,14, X 35 covers most thoracic backpain. Local BL points can be used instead of GV points. BL40,60 are useful distant points.
The combination of TPs, GV04, BL23,25,31, covers most backpain below the ribs, including radiating sciatic pain. BL37,40,60, GB30,34 are useful distant points.
The most common combination of points is: all TPs, plus 1-2 LOCAL points (near the affected organ or part). If an organ is thought to be involved, its Shu point is used, whether tender or not. To this can be added the Mu (abdominal alarm) point. This includes the use of Shu points in superficial problems which may not have direct organic involvement. For example, BL13 and 25 (Shu points for the LU and LI Channels) as part of a prescription to help resolve pain of an inside-forearm pain (in the Channel area of LU and LI). Similarly, BL23,28 (Shu of KI and BL) would be indicated in Achilles/heel pain (Channel area of KI and BL). One or two DISTANT points on a Channel passing through or near the problem area, on the Channel of the affected organ, or a CHAIN of points along an affected Channel or nerve are also helpful.
Many point combinations are possible. Points with special or general action may be considered. Useful points are:
Neck GB34, LU07
Thoracic limb LI04,11,15, TH05,15, GB21
Spinal column BL16
Lumbosacral and pelvic limb BL21,23,40,60, GB30,34, ST36
Muscles, tendons TH15, GB34, BL19,20
Bones, joints BL11,23
General effects LI04, ST36, BL23
Immunostimulation LI04,11, GV14, ST36
Lung BL13,43
Liver BL18, GV09
Stomach, appetite BL21, ST36
Hind gut BL25,30
Adrenal, stress conditions, urogenital, bones BL23,52, GV04
There are other methods of point selection (Earpoints, Face points etc) but these methods are not as well documented as bodypoint AP. They must be regarded as experimental until adequate documentation and comparative clinical trials are available.
Meanwhile, the database method gives points very similar to those which traditional AP would suggest. The computer has merely re-invented the wheel.
The use of other physiotherapies (massage, ultrasound, LASER etc) on the points (between sessions) helps to ensure high success rates.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank Dr. Pekka Pontinen, Tampere, Finland and the organisers of the Nordic Acupuncture Congress for financing my trip to the Congress.
REFERENCES
ANON (1974) The Barefoot Doctor's Manual. Running Press, Philadelphia. 948 pp.
ANON (1975) Newest Illustrations of the AP points. (Charts and booklet). Medicine and Health Publishers, Hong Kong.
ANON (1980) The Essentials of Chinese AP. College of Trad. Chin. Med., Beijing, Shanghai, Nanking. Foreign Languages Press, Beijing. 422 pp. Reissued 1993: Essentials of Chinese AP. (Coll. TCM, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanking) Foreign Languages Press, Beijing 432pp.
CHUNG, C. (1983) The Ah Shih Point. Chen Kwan Books, 5-2 1-F Chung Ching South Road, Section 3, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 212 pp.
PONTINEN, P. (1982) AP Seminar for Swedish Physicians. Contact AP and Pain Research Dept., University of Tampere, Finland.
ROGERS, P.A.M. (1984a) Computer applications in the study and clinical use of AP. IVAS Annual Congress, Austin, Texas. 13pp.
ROGERS, P.A.M. (1984b) Traditional versus Cookbook AP. Ibid 40 pp.
ROGERS, P.A.M. (1987) Treatment of backpain in the horse and dog by AP. Nordic Acupuncture Congress, Oslo, Norway, September 1987.
TRAVELL, J.G. & SIMONS, D.G. (1984) Myofascial pain & dysfunction: the TP manual. Part 1. Williams & Wilkins, London & Baltimore, 713pp.
TRIGGER POINT THERAPY: Symposium on myofascial TPs (1981) Arch. Rehabilitation Med., March, 97-117; Dorrigo et al (1979) Pain, 6, 183-; Kajdos (1974) Amer. J. Acup., 2, 113-.; Kellgren (1939-42) Clinical Sci., 4, 35-; Khoe (1979) Amer. J. Acup., 7, 15-; Lewit (1979) Pain, 6, 83-.; Melzack et al (1977) Pain, 3, 3-.; Macdonald (1983) Annals of Royal Coll. Surg. Eng., 65, 44-,; Rogers, C. (1982) Amer. J. Acup., 10, 201-.
Backpain is only a sign or symptom. It may be primary, secondary, or as part of a generalised disorder. In practice, it may be difficult to make a specific diagnosis of the cause of human backpain, unless X-ray, myelography and other tests are carried out routinely. The practitioner may be satisfied with clinical remission.
In hospitalised patients, AP is successful in treating post-operative pain and complications. It can be successful also in backpain which has not responded to surgery.
AP therapy is by stimulation of relevant reflex points in the skin and muscles. Points of tenderness to palpation are important. They are the AhShi or TRIGGER points (TPs). Stimulation is given to the TPs, paravertebral (Shu) points, and points related to specific areas, organs or functions, e.g.local and distant points on Channels through affected area.
Data from over 66 textbooks and clinical articles were stored on a Hewlett Packard Minicomputer. Frequency-ranked prescriptions for >1100 clinical headings were generated from the database. Some of those, of relevance to backpain (primary and secondary), were analyzed. Pain of central origin is not included. The "Top Twenty" points for selected body regions/organs related to the neck and back are given. Points for certain common signs/symptoms (thoracalgia, lumbalgia, sciatica etc) are given.
Appendix 1 comments on the use of the point index and its structure. It lists the codes and names of all the points. The points for regions and signs are in Appendices 2 and 3. Examples of methods of point selection for simple and more complex conditions (syndromes) are given. Advantages and disadvantages of "Cookbook AP" are discussed in relation to traditional AP concepts.
The following combinations are useful guides to pain control:
Neck: TPs, GB20,21,39, GV14, LI04,11, BL10, SI03,15, ST38 (or GB34)
Thoracic back: TPs, GV09,12,13,14, X 35, BL40,60
Lowback/leg: TPs, GV04, BL23,25,31,37,40,60, GB30,34.
Other methods of point selection (Earpoints, Newpoints, Handpoints etc) must be regarded as experimental at this time.
INTRODUCTION
Traditionally-trained acupuncturists generally scorn the idea of Cookbook acupuncture (AP), although they often use their own formulae (poor cookbooks! ). They would be horrified at the idea of computerising AP. They claim that the free availability of prescriptions do AP a disservice, allowing it to fall into the hands of untrained, unqualified people. I do not accept this. There is one medicine. The best people to practice AP would be those trained in conventional medicine as well as AP. TP therapy (see below), even without any knowledge of AP, may give 60-70% clinical success. If one adds classical AP points, the success rate can increase by 10-20%. The use of TP therapy brings more professionals into the active AP field than any other arguments or demonstrations. Storage of data on computer makes its analysis and retrieval very easy. Databases can be updated and re-analyzed periodically. Computers do not forget (assuming that files are copied and backed up every time they are updated). Advantages and disadvantages of computer-generated prescriptions are discussed in detail elsewhere (Rogers 1984 a,b).
Backpain may be primary (paravertebral muscle pain, thoracolumbar disc disease, vertebral, sacroiliac or arthrotic), secondary (referred from irritation of thoracic or abdominal organs), or as part of a generalised disorder.
This paper deals with the selection of points for human backpain, using Cookbook methods, based on computer analysis of textbook and other data. If other symptoms or organs are involved, the selection of points must take these into consideration.
It has taken me more than 11 years to set up the database. I ask each of you to treat the material as copyright, not for commercial publication in text, computerised, microfiche form. You are welcome to use it for your own professional purposes and to give it to colleagues, if they agree to respect the copyright.
THE BASICS OF AP
The alphanumeric code and name of each point is shown in Appendix 1. As there is no internationally agreed coding system, you should check my codes (Appendix 1) with the codes which you use, to prevent confusion and error. In human AP, the paravertebral Shu (reflex points for all major thoracic and abdominal organs) are located on the inner line of the bladder (BL) Channel as follows:
Lung (LU), Pericardium (PC), Heart (HT), Governor Vessel (GV), Diaphragm = BL13-17, in area T3-T7 respectively; Liver (LV), Gallbladder (GB), Spleen-pancreas (SP), Stomach (ST) =BL18-21, in area T9-T12 respectively; Triple Heater (TH), Kidney (KI), CHIHAISHU, Large Intestine (LI), KUANYUANSHU = BL22-26, in area L1-L5 respectively; Small intestine (SI), Bladder (BL), CHUNGLUSHU, PAIHUANSHU = BL27-30, in area S1-S4 respectively. These points have diagnostic value (when tender). They help to identify the affected organ. They also have therapeutic value in treating the affected organ and local problems near the points. However, local muscle strain or trauma can also cause Shu point tenderness. Thus, Shu point tenderness need not always indicate disorders of the related organs. Points on the outer line of paravertebral BL points (BL41-54) have similar functions to the related points on the inner line. Irritation of the thoracic or abdominal organs can refer pain to related skin and muscle segments, especially in the paravertebral area. This can establish TPs, as detailed by Travell and Simons (1984) and in the TP Therapy Symposium (1981). Long after the visceral pain has gone, the TPs can remain active. Unless TPs in the thoracosacral muscles are "removed" by AP or other physiotherapy, the function of the back muscles is impaired and performance is impaired.
In human AP, the AhShi point is defined as a point, usually in muscle, which is tender on palpation. AhShi means Ouch! or Ah Yes! There are two kinds of AhShi points: those from which palpation elicits only local tenderness and those which radiate pain to the problem area (the area in which the patient complains of pain). The latter type is the true TP of western medicine. It is the most important point in AP therapy and the patient may unaware of TP tenderness until the point is pressed. TPs may occur almost anywhere in muscle. Scars may also act as TPs. TPs in the paravertebral area often correspond with organ Shu points. For example, in coronary disease, patients may have TPs in the area T3-T6. Patients with kidney or ovary problems may be touchy in the area L1-L3 (BL22-24). The reflex point for the ovary and kidney is BL23.
REFERRED PAIN: Pelvic limb lameness is often due to pain referred from thoracolumbar or lumbosacral nerves, as in sciatica. It may arise also in pain referred from abdominal viscera, such as in a painful kidney, ovary, uterus or colon. Thoracic limb lameness may arise in pain referred from cervical or upper thoracic nerves or from pain in thoracic organs (lung, pericardium, heart). Thus, neck- and back-pain often manifest as pain in the thoracic- or pelvic- limb.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS BEFORE TREATMENT
A complete history is taken, together with any findings of previous investigations. In the clinical examination, attention is paid to any lesions or signs related to all major systems or functions. One tries to identify the primary problem(s) and the location(s) of pain. It is essential to probe or palpate the muscles from head to toe, to locate any TPs. Particular attention is paid to the paravertebral muscles and the large muscles of the neck and limbs. The joints and tendons are also palpated. Patients with signs of pain, stiffness or lameness are seldom free of TPs. Their detection is indicated by an expletives or groans or "Ah Yes! " when they are palpated.
Always check for diagonal relationships. Cain stresses that fore-lameness is often accompanied by tenderness at contralateral lumbosacral or hind-limb points in the horse. Also, hind-lameness is sometimes associated with TPs on the contralateral side of the neck. Be careful to check the paravertebral Shu points in relation to the location of limb pathology, for example BL25 (L4-5, large intestine Shu) in radial forearm pain and BL21 (behind last rib, stomach Shu) in anterolateral pain in the pelvic limb etc. In all local problems (neck, shoulder, elbow, back, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral, hip, knee etc), the TPs must be found. They are recorded and marked as they are located. This helps rapid reassessment of the case on later visits. It also makes it easy for the patient to locate them for massage or other physiotherapy (ultrasound, LASER etc) between AP sessions.
DATABASE OR COOKBOOK AP
AP points listed under various symptoms, body parts etc were stored on file. Data under sections on point functions were also stored. The data base was sorted and duplicate entries from specific sources were eliminated. Points were scored by a weighted citation frequency method. Prescriptions were generated for each part and symptom and were output with the highest-scoring points first and the lowest-scoring last.
The larger the database, the more points are filed under any given region, symptom or condition. However, the first 6-10 points listed (in order of descending citation score) are the most important for routine use. For example, in the most recent summary of the database, 401 points were listed from a base of 44 texts for the treatment of sequelae (hemiplegia, paralysis) of CVA or polio.
The Top Ten points were:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 GB30 ST04 LI15 TH05 GB39
Score .86 .79 .77 .74 .73 .72 .68 .66 .62 .62
The Maximum score possible was .964.
The bottom 10 points were:
Ranking 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401
Point CV13 CV17 BL65 LI01 ST23 BL07 KI20 GB06 GB43 LV06
Score .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02
The scores have been rounded up or down to the second decimal place. Clearly, the first list would be expected to give better therapeutic results than the second list above.
However, selection of the Top Ten points in the above list would not necessarily be the best selection for a CVA sequel which was primarily mutism or aphasia. For such cases, the top 10 points are:
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Point CV23 GV15 HT05 LI04 Z 21 TH03 GB02 TH17 NZ32 SI19
Score .82 .72 .44 .37 .27 .23 .23 .21 .20 .1
(From a total of 71 possible points listed by 27 texts, maximum possible score was .952)
The computer allows one to COMBINE data, to retrieve ALL points used for ALL conditions of (say) the "thoracic back" or "abdomen" etc. In this way, the entire database was summarised by amalgamation of data for major body areas, functions, subregions and combinations of similar conditions. Appendix 2 gives examples. Regional points, however, do not supplant the need to consider points for specific symptoms. For example, in the selection of points for FACIAL PARALYSIS (OPTIC NERVE), one could search under "Head", "Face", "Facial paralysis", "Facial paralysis, optic branch"(see below). Many of the points are common to all those headings, but the specific heading is probably the best source.
020000 HEAD, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
LI04 GB20 ST06 ST07 ST36 LI20 TH17 LI11 TH05 LV03
.946 .927 .896 .896 .852 .787 .-779 -.7-77 -.7-77 .-758
(54 references, 458 possible points, max possible score .963)
020-500 FACE, CHEEK (GENERAL POINTS FOR)
LI04 ST06 ST04 ST07 ST02 LI20 BL02 GB14 TH-17 ST03
.860 .86-0 .780 -.780 .595 .581 .547 -.532 .513 .487
-(49 references, 198 possible points, max possible score .963)
020507 FACE: FACIAL N. PARALYSIS; BELL'S PALSY; FACIAL HEMIPLEGIA; NUMB
ST06 ST04 LI04 ST07 TH17 ST02 LI20 GB14 SI18 ST03
.886 .829 .803 -.717 .606 .586 .-529 .529 .4-43 .414-
(36 references, 111 possible points, max possible score .972)
020508 FACE: FACIAL N. PARALYSIS; BELL'S PALSY, UPPER (OPTIC) BRANCH
LI04 LI20 ST04 ST07 ST06 TH17 GB14 SI18 BL02 Z 09
.664 .664 .588 .580 .504 .504 .504 -.420 .336 -.24-4
(12 references, 46 possible points, max possible score .992)
020509 FACE: FACIAL N.PARALYS-IS; BELL'S PALSY, MIDDLE (MAXILLARY) BRANCH
ST04 ST06 CV24 ST07 ST03 GV26 SI18 LI04 LI20 Z 09
.645 .645 .526 .513 .395 .355 .263 .250 .250 .250
( 8 references, 24 possible points, max possible score .950)
020510 FACE: FACIAL N. PARALYSIS; BELL'S PALSY, LOWER (MANDIBULAR) BRANCH
ST06 CV24 LI04 ST04 ST07 ST03 ST05 TH17 ST18 LI02
.743 .527 .500 .365 .338 .257 .216 .203 .135 .122
( 8 references, 25 possible points, max possible score .925)
The CVA (aphasia) and Head (optic area paralysis) examples show the necessity of specific (as well as general) searches of the database. Where it is possible, one should search the database for general region (neck area, thoracic back, lumbar area etc), specific region (shoulder, hip, knee, etc), specific nerve (where applicable, e.g. radial, sciatic). Where specific symptoms are marked, they should be searched (e.g. insomnia, dysmenorrhoea, polyuria etc).
The data base covers >1100 headings. Only a few are given here, mainly relating to neck, back, associated parts and common symptoms. Appendix 2 covers the parts and Appendix 3 the symptoms.
The data base has 452 headings under abdomen/functions/organs/symptoms. The major headings are listed below.
06---- ABDOMEN AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
0601-- ABDOMEN GENERAL
060101 ABDOMEN: GENERAL POINTS FOR ABDOMEN AREA AND ORGANS
060102 ABDOMEN: APA FOR SURGERY OF ABDOMEN AREA AND ORGANS
0602-- THORACOLUMBAR SPINE AND AREA
060201 BACK, POSTERIOR TRUNK: GENERAL POINTS
060202 THORACOLUMBAR: (AREA, SPINE AND SPINAL CORD) GENERAL POINTS
0603-- LIVER (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, JAUNDICE, ACETONAEMIA ETC)
060301 LIVER: GENERAL POINTS
060302 LIVER: HEPATITIS; PAIN
0604-- SPLEEN
060401 SPLEEN: GENERAL POINTS
060402 SPLEEN: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
0605-- GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: GENERAL SYMPTOMS
060501 STOMACH, INTESTINE AND GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION: GENERAL POINTS
060502 MALABSORPTION: WEIGHT LOSS**XS; EMACIATION etc
0606-- STOMACH AND DUODENUM
060601 STOMACH: GENERAL POINTS
060602 STOMACH: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
0607-- SMALL INTESTINE, APPENDIX, CAECUM, COLON, RECTUM
060701 INTESTINE: GENERAL POINTS
060702 INTESTINE: OBSTRUCTION; P-AIN; VOLVULUS; PAIN##ADHESIONS
0608-- UROGENITAL (GENERAL CONDITI-ONS)
060801 URINARY-GENITAL FUNCTION: GENERAL POINTS
060802 URINARY-GENITAL FUNCTION: PAIN OR PAIN REFERRED FROM
0609-- URINARY TRACT AND FUNCTIONS
060901 URINARY TRACT: GENERAL POINTS FOR URINARY TRACT FUNCTION
060902 URINARY TRACT: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
0610-- GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION
061001 GENITAL-IA, FEMALE: GENERAL POINTS
061002 GENITALIA, FEMALE & MALE: PAIN; NEUR-ALGIA; SENSATION**BURNING etc
0611-- PREGNANCY
061101 PREGNANCY: FORBIDDEN POINTS; MAY INDUCE MISCARRIAGE
061102 PREGNANCY: MORNING SICKNESS; NAUSEA; VOMITING; FAINT
0612-- MAMMARY FEMALE
061201 BREAST, MAMMARY GLAND, NIPPLE: GENERAL POINTS
061202 MAMMARY GLAND, NIPPLE: APA FOR MASTECTOMY OR COSMETIC SURGERY
0613-- MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION
061301 REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION & GENITALIA (FEMALE): MENSTRUAL DISORDE-RS e-tc
061302 MENSTRUATION: PSYCHOGENIC UPSETS DUE TO; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
0614-- REPRODUCTION MALE (IMPOTENCE, SPERMATORRHOEA ETC )
061401 REPRODUCT-IVE FUNCTION & GENITALIA (MALE): GENITAL PROBLEMS etc
061402 ERECTION: POOR OR ABSENT; IMPOTENCE; PREMATURE EJACULATION etc
0615-- GENITALIA MALE
061501 GENITALIA, MALE: (REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION) GENERAL POINTS
061502 GENITALIA: (AREA) APA FOR SURGERY OF
The points for treatment depend on the organs and parts involved. In classical AP, there are many Laws or guides to the choice of points. An examination of most of the listings in Appendices 2 and 3 shows that the Top Ten points obey the basic laws of choosing AP points. In summary, these laws suggest a choice of points from:
a. AhShi points (including Trigger Points, tender scars, fibrositic nodules etc)
b. Local points (which also meet condition (d)).
c. Distant points on the Channel through the affected area or on the Channel of the affected organ. A chain of points on the affected Channel is said to be specially powerful.
d. Points on the affected nerve, the nerve supply related to the affected organ or area, or in the same or a nearby spinal nerve segment.
e. Encircling the problem area; "Fore and Aft" points; combination of Yin side and Yang side points (medial/lateral; anterior/posterior).
f. Combination of Mu and Shu (Front Alarm + Back Association) points.
g. Combination of affected Yuan and Luo of Mate (Source Point of the affected Channel plus Passage point of its Phase-Mate Channel (LU-LI; ST-SP; HT-SI; BL-KI; PC-TH; GB-LV).
h. Xi-Cleft point of affected Channel.
i. One or more of the Five Phase Points (Energetic balancing points).
j. Symptomatic points (traditionally known to have marked effect for the specific symptoms, for example, GV26 in shock, emergencies; PC06 in nausea or vomiting).
k. Extra-Channel points ("New" or "Strange" points, points not on the Main Channels), especially those effective for the condition, e.g. NX04 (TingChuan) in asthma.
l. Points on the Phase-Mate of the affected Channel (e.g.) ST points in spleen diseases; SP points in stomach diseases.
m. TianYing point (OT02, centre of the goitre etc).
n. One point on each of the 4 limbs (e.g. LI04 and ST44, both bilateral, in tonsillitis or toothache).
Let us examine the top ten points for some of the prescriptions in the database (Appendices 2 and 3) in detail, under 3 categories:
1. Local areas or regions
2. Conditions of specific organs or their functions
3. Generalised conditions and complex syndromes.
In each of the following prescriptions, codes (a)-(n) above are used to show the Laws observed by the "Top Ten" points in the database.
1. LOCAL AREAS OR REGIONS (Examples from Appendix 2).
NECK: GB20 (b); GV14 (b); LI04 (c, g, i); BL10 (b); SI03 (c, i, j); LI11 (c, i, j); OT01 (TP, a); GB21 (b, c, depending on site of pain); GB39 (c, j); SI15 (b). Combination GB20,21, BL10, GV14, SI15 also meets Law (e). 5/10 of the points are LOCAL.
SHOULDER AREA: LI15 (b, j); LI11 (c, i, j); TH14 (b, j); SI11 (b); SI09 (b); LI04 (e.g.j); OT01 (TP, a); SI10 (b); OT05 (Local points, b); BL11 (d, j). Combination of SI09, LI15 and a New Point 1" above the anterior axillary crease is known as the "Shoulder Triplet" (e). That is a powerful combination in shoulder pain. 6/10 points are LOCAL.
ELBOW: LI11 (b, i, j); TH05 (c, j); LI04 (c, g, i); HT03 (b, i); LU05 (b, i); LI10 (b); OT01 (TP, a); LI12 (b); TH10 (b); SI07 (c). 6/10 points are LOCAL.
THORACIC SPINE, BACK AREA: GV14 (b); BL40 (c); OT01 (TP, a); GV12 (b); OT05 (Local points, b); GV13 (b); X 35 (b, k); GV09 (b); BL60 (c); OT06 (c). 6/10 points are LOCAL.
DORSOLUMBAR SPINE AND AREA: BL40 (c, j); BL23 (b, j); X 35 (b); BL60 (c); OT01 (TP, a); BL37 (c); GB30 (c- via BL link); GV14 (b, c); OT05 (Local points, b); OT06 (c). 4/10 points are LOCAL (2 out of the first 3).
LOWBACK: BL23 (b, j); BL40 (c, i, j); GB30 (c- linked to lowback via BL Channel, d, j); BL60 (c, i, j); GB34 (c- via BL link-, i, j); BL25(b); BL37 (c); GV04 (b); BL57 (c); BL31 (b). 4/10 points are LOCAL.
COCCYGEAL AREA: BL34 (b); BL40 (c, j); SI06 (g, j); BL30 (b); OT01 (TP, a); BL37 (b); X 35 (b, k); OT05 (Local points, b); OT06 (c); BL35 (b). 6/10 points are LOCAL.
HIP: GB30 (b, j); GB34 (c, i, j); GB29 (b); GB31 (c); BL40 (c- via GB30 link-, i, j); BL60 (c, i, j); OT01 (TP, a); GB39 (c, i, j); ST36 (d, i); LV08 (g). Although only 2/10 points are LOCAL, 2 of the top 3 are LOCAL.
THIGH, FEMUR: GB30 (b, j); GB31(b); GB34 (c, j); LV08 (c); ST36 (c); BL23 (j); LV11 (b); BL40 (b, c); BL37 (b); SP06 (c, l). 5/10 points are LOCAL.
KNEE AND POPLITEAL AREA: GB34 (b, i, j); BL40 (b, i, j); L 16 (b, k); ST35 (b); SP09 (b); ST36 (b, c, i); ST34 (b); LV08 (c); OT01 (TP, a). 9/10 points are LOCAL. The first 5 points are the most commonly used and obey Law (e).
In most local problems (joint, muscle, superficial organ etc), as in the 10 examples above, the best prescription combines TPs plus LOCAL points plus DISTANT points on the affected or related Channel. It is important to check the location as regards the nerve supply and the Channel. The best points for the anterior of the shoulder may not be the best ones for the posterior of the shoulder. Furthermore, some local points are more often recommended than others.
2. CONDITIONS OF SPECIFIC ORGANS OR THEIR FUNCTIONS (Examples from Appendix 2).
PLEURA: 7/10 points (BL13,42,43,47, KI22,23, GB32) are on the thorax or dorsal/paravertebral area (e.g. are LOCAL points). Two of the other 3 (ST12, BL11) are at the thoracic inlet and one (GB44) obeys Law (c).
HEART, PERICARDIUM: Only 3 of the top 10 (BL14,15, CV17) are over or near the organs. They obey Laws (b, d, e, f). Six more (PC04,05,06,07, HT05,07) are on the PC or HT Channel (Laws c, i, j). The 10th point (ST36) is a master point, with many functions, including effects on PC and HT.
COUGH, GENERAL: 5 of the top 10 points (BL12,13, CV17,22, GV12) are over the thorax, trachea or dorsal paravertebral area. They obey Laws b, d, e, f, j. Three points (LU05,07,10) are on the LU (lung) Channel (Laws c, i). The last two points (ST40, GV14) obey Laws c, i.
LIVER PROBLEMS: 6/10 points (BL18,19,20,48, GV09 LV13) are over or near the liver. They obey Laws b, d, e, f, j. The other four (LV03, ST36, GB34, SP06) are master points. They obey Laws c, g, i, j.
FEMALE GENITALIA/REPRODUCTION: 6/10 points (CV03,04,06, GV04, GB26, BL32) are in the lumbosacral innervation area (low abdominal or lumbosacral paravertebral area). They obey Laws b, d, e, j. The other 4 points (SP06,10, LV03, ST36) are master points, with major effects on the low abdomen and its functions. They obey Laws c, i, j.
In disease of internal organs, the most important points lie near the organ. The paravertebral points (Shu and X 35), local GV points, the abdominal Mu points and local CV points are the most important. If the organ has a named Channel (LU, LI, ST, SP, HT, SI, BL, KI, PC, GB, LV), one or more local and distant points on that Channel are included. In genital and lower abdominal conditions, distant points on LV, KI, SP Channels can be added, as these Channels pass the inner thighs and the groin area.
If the organ or function has no named Channel, points can be chosen from combinations relating to the nearest Organs/Channels. For example, if there were no data for Thymus, Appendix, Oesophagus, Adrenal etc, one could construct combinations of points:
Thymus, oesophagus: points for heart, lungs, stomach (nearest organs) and immunity (a thymus-related function).
Appendix: points for lower right abdomen, large intestine, immunity.
Ovary, tubes, uterus: points for kidney, bladder, low abdomen, large intestine etc.
Vagina, vulva, scrotum, testicles, penis: points for low belly. Also, the 3 YIN Channels of the feet (SP, KI, LV) pass near the groin- use distant points on them.
3. GENERALISED CONDITIONS AND COMPLEX SYNDROMES
Generalised conditions include metabolic, hormonal, toxic, autonomic upsets (as in gout, diabetes, food poisoning, shock, neurasthenia etc). Although one symptom may be dominant, it is usual for a number of signs or symptoms to occur together. For example, in gout, the presenting symptom may by PAIN IN THE BIG TOE, but on examination, liver enlargement, headaches, irritability, blurred vision, tiredness etc may be present also. The comprehensive treatment would entail advice on diet (possibly involving food allergy/intolerance tests), alcohol and fluid intake. AP would be aimed at the more severe symptom (say toe pain) but the prescription should also help the other symptoms.The LIVER is central in gout and many allergies. Treating LV and GB points (LV03,14, GB34, BL18,19, GB14,20) would help ALL the symptoms.
Neurasthenic patients often complain of backache. Their symptoms may include depression, headache, generalised aches and pains, insomnia, weakness etc. The PC and HT Channels control the spirit, in Chinese belief. Symptoms of neurasthenia can be helped by LOCAL points plus PC/HT points (HT07, PC06, BL14,15) and general points like ST36, LV03, LI04.
In treating complex cases, choose point combinations which influence all the major symptoms and the affected organs. If symptoms or signs can be traced to a Channel function, treat that Organ/Channel. In complex cases other methods (conventional medicine, homoeopathy etc) may be needed also.
Analysis of the entire database for all parts and functions shows that certain points are very commonly cited. They are:
LI04,11, ST25,36, SP06, HT07, BL23,40, PC06, TH05, GB20,34, LV03, CV06,12, GV04,12,14,26. These are Master Points in traditional AP. In complex cases, if one has difficulty in selecting points, it may help to include a few points from the master list.
Example of syndrome related to scar tissue/Channel block
Beginning 2 years after right pulmonectomy, the following symptoms occurred intermittently, or in combinations, over a 6-year period:
recurrent haemorrhagic nephritis and cystitis (BL, KI)
right-sided sciatica (BL)
right-sided paravertebral pain (C6-T4) (BL)
right-sided headache (BL)
right-sided bouts of acute conjunctivitis (BL)
right-ear tinnitus (SI)
waking up at night with right arm in spasm and severe pain along SI Channel to the 5th finger (SI)
Cookbook prescriptions would have been as futile as western medicine in that case. All symptoms related to BL Channel or the Channels upstream (SI) or downstream (KI) from BL in the Channel circuit. All were right-sided, except (possibly) the nephritis/cystitis. There was an obvious connection. The thoracotomy scar was badly twisted, with adhesions on the right BL line. Blockage of "Channel energy" flow in the BL channel could be related to the signs. In western terms, reflex irritation effects could be involved. Treatment was procaine injection of the adhesed part of the scar plus a few sessions of AP on BL points, plus physiotherapy. All symptoms were successfully cleared and did not recur. Cookbooks have their limitations! But cookbook recipes must include TP- (and scar-) therapy.
POSTOPERATIVE PAIN
Janssens (see Rogers 1987) reported that AP has controlled pain in dogs which did not respond to surgery for disc disease. He has also used AP successfully to control pain and other complications arising after abdominal and other surgery. Papers by Russian workers, in press to Scandinavian J. Acup., confirm that AP has similar effects in humans.
Points used in post-operative pain/complications are chosen by the same principles as any other AP point combinations. In addition, one may run long needles subcutaneously, parallel to the wound.
CONCLUSIONS
In practice, it is difficult to make a specific diagnosis of the cause of backpain, due to the difficulty of routine X-ray, myelography and other tests. Many patients presenting with backpain also have other signs or symptoms. One aims to help the patient towards self-healing, not to "heal the backpain". The general practitioner may be satisfied with clinical remission.
Palpation of the muscles, to locate TPs is an essential part of the clinical examination.
The combination of TPs, GB20,21, GV14, BL10, SI15 covers most neck pain. LI04,11, SI03, ST38 (or GB34) are useful distant points.
The combination of TPs, GV09,12,13,14, X 35 covers most thoracic backpain. Local BL points can be used instead of GV points. BL40,60 are useful distant points.
The combination of TPs, GV04, BL23,25,31, covers most backpain below the ribs, including radiating sciatic pain. BL37,40,60, GB30,34 are useful distant points.
The most common combination of points is: all TPs, plus 1-2 LOCAL points (near the affected organ or part). If an organ is thought to be involved, its Shu point is used, whether tender or not. To this can be added the Mu (abdominal alarm) point. This includes the use of Shu points in superficial problems which may not have direct organic involvement. For example, BL13 and 25 (Shu points for the LU and LI Channels) as part of a prescription to help resolve pain of an inside-forearm pain (in the Channel area of LU and LI). Similarly, BL23,28 (Shu of KI and BL) would be indicated in Achilles/heel pain (Channel area of KI and BL). One or two DISTANT points on a Channel passing through or near the problem area, on the Channel of the affected organ, or a CHAIN of points along an affected Channel or nerve are also helpful.
Many point combinations are possible. Points with special or general action may be considered. Useful points are:
Neck GB34, LU07
Thoracic limb LI04,11,15, TH05,15, GB21
Spinal column BL16
Lumbosacral and pelvic limb BL21,23,40,60, GB30,34, ST36
Muscles, tendons TH15, GB34, BL19,20
Bones, joints BL11,23
General effects LI04, ST36, BL23
Immunostimulation LI04,11, GV14, ST36
Lung BL13,43
Liver BL18, GV09
Stomach, appetite BL21, ST36
Hind gut BL25,30
Adrenal, stress conditions, urogenital, bones BL23,52, GV04
There are other methods of point selection (Earpoints, Face points etc) but these methods are not as well documented as bodypoint AP. They must be regarded as experimental until adequate documentation and comparative clinical trials are available.
Meanwhile, the database method gives points very similar to those which traditional AP would suggest. The computer has merely re-invented the wheel.
The use of other physiotherapies (massage, ultrasound, LASER etc) on the points (between sessions) helps to ensure high success rates.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank Dr. Pekka Pontinen, Tampere, Finland and the organisers of the Nordic Acupuncture Congress for financing my trip to the Congress.
REFERENCES
ANON (1974) The Barefoot Doctor's Manual. Running Press, Philadelphia. 948 pp.
ANON (1975) Newest Illustrations of the AP points. (Charts and booklet). Medicine and Health Publishers, Hong Kong.
ANON (1980) The Essentials of Chinese AP. College of Trad. Chin. Med., Beijing, Shanghai, Nanking. Foreign Languages Press, Beijing. 422 pp. Reissued 1993: Essentials of Chinese AP. (Coll. TCM, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanking) Foreign Languages Press, Beijing 432pp.
CHUNG, C. (1983) The Ah Shih Point. Chen Kwan Books, 5-2 1-F Chung Ching South Road, Section 3, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 212 pp.
PONTINEN, P. (1982) AP Seminar for Swedish Physicians. Contact AP and Pain Research Dept., University of Tampere, Finland.
ROGERS, P.A.M. (1984a) Computer applications in the study and clinical use of AP. IVAS Annual Congress, Austin, Texas. 13pp.
ROGERS, P.A.M. (1984b) Traditional versus Cookbook AP. Ibid 40 pp.
ROGERS, P.A.M. (1987) Treatment of backpain in the horse and dog by AP. Nordic Acupuncture Congress, Oslo, Norway, September 1987.
TRAVELL, J.G. & SIMONS, D.G. (1984) Myofascial pain & dysfunction: the TP manual. Part 1. Williams & Wilkins, London & Baltimore, 713pp.
TRIGGER POINT THERAPY: Symposium on myofascial TPs (1981) Arch. Rehabilitation Med., March, 97-117; Dorrigo et al (1979) Pain, 6, 183-; Kajdos (1974) Amer. J. Acup., 2, 113-.; Kellgren (1939-42) Clinical Sci., 4, 35-; Khoe (1979) Amer. J. Acup., 7, 15-; Lewit (1979) Pain, 6, 83-.; Melzack et al (1977) Pain, 3, 3-.; Macdonald (1983) Annals of Royal Coll. Surg. Eng., 65, 44-,; Rogers, C. (1982) Amer. J. Acup., 10, 201-.
TOP 10 POINTS FOR MAJOR BODY FUNCTIONS, ORGANS & PARTS
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
COPYRIGHT
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
These prescriptions are published as a micro-computer software package. They may not be published or used for commercial purposes without written permission from the author !! However, colleagues are most welcome to use them for their own clinical or research purposes.
Point convention used in the computer outputs :
The Channel Points are coded as follows: LU=Lung; LI=Large Intestine; ST=Stomach; SP=Spleen-Pancreas; HT=heart; SI=Small Intestine; BL=Bladder; KI=Kidney; PC=Heart Constrictor, Pericardium, Circulation-Sex; TH=Tri-Heater; GB=GallBladder; LV=Liver; CV=Conception Vessel (Ren Mo) ; GV=Governor Vessel (Du Mo). In this system, the second branch of the BL Channel has BL41 (FuFen) at the T2/scapular area and BL40 (WeiZhong) at the popliteal crease, as in the "Essentials of Chinese AP" 1993 (Coll. TCM, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanking) Foreign Languages Press, Beijing 432pp. The ST Channel has ST01 (ChengChi) infraorbital and ST08 (TouWei) on the meeting of the vertical and the horizontal hairline on the forehead.
Channel Code LU LI ST SP HT SI BL KI PC TH GB LV CV GV
no. of points 11 20 45 21 9 19 67 27 9 23 44 14 24 28
The New, Strange & Hand Points are ordered as in the "Newest Illustrations
of the AP points" (Med. & Health Publishers, Hongkong, 1973) :
NZ=New Head & Neck; NY=New Abdomen; NX=New Loin & Back; NA=New Upper Limb; NL=New Lower Limb;
Z =Strange Head & Neck; Y =Strange Thorax & Abdomen; X =Strange Loin & Back; A =Strange Upper Limb; L =Strange Lower Limb; H =Hand points.
New Points Strange Points
Point code NZ NY NX NA NL Z Y X A L H
no. of points 35 6 18 15 36 31 19 35 44 42 18
Category OT (Other) codes :
01=AhShi; 02=TianYing; 03=Segmental nerve; 04=Haemorrhoid point; 05=Local
points for region; 06=Distant points for region; 07=points on Channel through area; 08=Periosteal AP; 09=Periincisional pts.; 10=Chieh Kou (Cut ends)
Trigger Points (categories TP, TQ, TR):
Trigger Points are located as in "Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction" by
Travell & Simons (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore & London, 1983). Their coding is summarised in the index of point locations, which is appended.
Point code OT TP TQ TR
no. of points 10 99 99 3
The total number of points (Channel, New, Strange etc plus Trigger Points) in the database is 871.
The 12 basic laws of selecting points:
1. Treat the main contradiction, adding 1-2 points for the more serious symptoms.
2. Points according to the innervation or in same dermatome as the problem area or function. (The paravertebral and HuaToChiaChi (X 35) points are especially important).
3. AhShi (tender) points (trigger, myalgic, fibrositic, motor, REPP points).
4. Local points or points locally on nearest Channels.
5. Distant points on Channels controlling problem area.
6. Combination of local & distant points or Yin and Yang points (e.g. the YUAN (Source) point of the problem part/organ/Channel and the LUO (Passage) point of its linked Channel).
7. Points "Fore & Aft", "Above & Below", "Left & Right", encircling the problem area.
8. Points well known for their symptomatic effects.
9. Back & Abdomen combination: SHU (BL Reflex) and MU (Front Alarm) or points near the SHU and MU.
10. The XI (Cleft) point of affected organ/Channel in acute diseases.
11. Scar therapy; improving electrical conductivity of scars and soft tissue injury by needling, injection, laser, physiotherapy etc.
12. The TianYing point - under the ulcer base, into the cyst etc.
!! Always seek the tender (trigger) points !!
Final selection of points from this index :
1. High scores with multiple authors indicate the most important points. If the first point listed has a score <.40, this indicates poor agreement between authors and may indicate a prescription of doubtful value.
2. The first 4 to 6 points in each prescription list are the most frequently cited points. Additional points may be added from those remaining, if other symptoms indicate a need for them.
3. Prescriptions with less than 2 authors or with little variation in point scores may be of doubtful value !!
4. When needling, always provoke TehQi (needle sensation). Expect poor results if poor needle sensation is reported !!
5. The number of needles per session should normally be less than 12 (use as few as possible).
6. Alternate prescriptions if in doubt or if result is not satisfactory after 1-2 sessions.
7. Research workers seeking "non-active" points for "placebo" or "control" groups of subjects should not use any point listed in these prescriptions. As "active" points, they should consider points in the Top Ten of each list.
8. The most common prescription for local or organ problems is: local points + AhShi points + distant points.
!! Always seek the tender (Trigger) points !!
AMALGAMATED DATA: TOP 10 POINTS FOR MAJOR BODY FUNCTIONS, ORGANS & PARTS
The Point Index for body organs, parts and functions is laid out in a regional sequence as follows:
01xxxx Emergencies and First Aid
02xxxx Head, its organs and functions
03xxxx Neck, thyroid
04xxxx Thoracic limb
05xxxx Thorax, its organs and functions
06xxxx Abdomen, its organs and functions
07xxxx Pelvic limb
08xxxx Skin and hair
09xxxx General, immunity
When searching for, say the sacral area, search under 06xxxx (Abdomen)
When searching for, say the heart area, search under 05xxxx (Thorax )
The main headings of the index are :
010100 EMERGENCIES
010200 FIRST AID
020100 PSYCHE AND MENTAL DISORDERS
020200 ADDICTIONS
020300 BRAIN, ITS FUNCTIONS & PARTS, MENINGES, POLIO, CONVULSIONS,
020323 MEMORY: LOSS OF;AMNESIA;FORGETFUL
020349 BRAIN, MENINGES
020350 CVA, POLIO, PARALYSIS, HEMIPLEGIA
020351 CONVULSIONS, EPILEPSY, TETANUS, TREMOR
020353 SPINAL CORD
020400 HEAD, FOREHEAD, VERTEX, OCCIPUT, TEMPLE, HEADACHES,
020433 FOREHEAD, FRONTAL SINUSES
020434 VERTEX
020435 OCCIPUT
020436 TEMPLE
020500 FACE, CHEEK
020600 EYE, EYELID, VISION ETC
020700 NOSE, NOSTRIL, NASAL SINUSES, OLEFACTION
020800 THROAT, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TONSIL, VOICE
020900 EAR, HEARING, MENIERES DISEASE, EUSTACIAN TUBE, MASTOID ETC
021000 LIP, ORAL MUSCLES
021014 MOUTH
021100 TOOTH, GUM
021124 TOOTH, UPPER
021125 TOOTH, LOWER
021200 TONGUE, SPEECH
021222 SALIVA, SALIVARY GLANDS ETC
021300 MAXILLA
021313 CHIN
021315 MANDIBLE
021316 TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT, MASSETER
021317 MAXILLA, MANDIBLE
030000 NECK AND CERVICAL SPINE
030129 THYROID, PARATHYROID
040000 THORACIC LIMB, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
040200 SHOULDER, SCAPULA, CLAVICLE
040300 AXILLA
040400 ARM, HUMERUS
040500 ELBOW
040600 FOREARM, RADIUS, ULNA
040700 WRIST, CARPUS
040800 HAND, PALM
040900 FINGER
050000 THORAX AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
050001 THORAX, CHEST, RIBS, STERNUM
050002 THORACIC SPINE, BACK AREA
050200 HEART, PERICARDIUM
050228 CIRCULATION, BLOOD PRESSURE
050229 ARTERIES, VEINS, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ISCHAEMIA
050300 OEDEMA, FLUID RETENTION, ASCITES
050400 BLOOD, BODY DEFENCES, HAEMORRHAGE, THYMUS ETC
050500 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNG, COUGH, ETC
050541 PLEURA
050543 TRACHEA
050544 BRONCHI, LUNG, PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA
050545 COUGH GENERAL
050600 OESOPHAGUS
050700 DIAPHRAGM
060000 ABDOMEN AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
060141 ABDOMEN UPPER, EPIGASTRIC, HYPOCHONDRIAC AREA
060142 ABDOMEN MIDDLE, PERIUMBILICAL AREA
060143 ABDOMEN LOWER
060200 DORSO-LUMBAR SPINE AND AREA
060228 COCCYGEAL AREA
060231 LOWBACK (LUMBO-SACRAL, RENAL, SACRO-ILIAC), LUMBAR, SACRAL)
060232 WAIST, FLANK AREA
060300 LIVER (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, JAUNDICE, ACETONAEMIA ETC)
060323 GALLBLADDER, BILEDUCTS (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, OBSTRUCTION)
060400 SPLEEN
060410 PANCREAS, DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPO- & HYPER- GLYCAEMIA
060500 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
060503 INDIGESTION, INAPPETANCE, NAUSEA, VOMITING
060542 PAIN, COLIC, SPASM IN ABDOMEN OR ITS ORGANS, PERITONITIS
060543 DIARRHOEA, DYSENTERY, CONSTIPATION
060600 STOMACH AND DUODENUM
060700 SMALL INTESTINE, APPENDIX, CAECUM, COLON, RECTUM
060752 ANUS, TENESMUS, PROLAPSE, PILES
060753 INGUINAL AREA, GROIN
060754 PERINAEUM
060755 MALE & FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PUBIC AREA
060800 UROGENITAL (GENERAL CONDITIONS)
060900 URINARY TRACT AND FUNCTIONS
061000 GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION
061100 PREGNANCY: CONDITIONS OF
061101 PREGNANCY: FORBIDDEN/ABORTION Points
061125 PARTURITION
061126 POST-PARTUM CONDITIONS
061200 MAMMARY FEMALE
061300 MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION
061316 MENOPAUSE: GENERAL Points FOR FLUSHES & MENOPAUSAL PROBLEMS
061400 REPRODUCTION MALE (IMPOTENCE, SPERMATORRHOEA ETC )
061500 GENITALIA MALE
070000 PELVIC LIMB , ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
070200 BUTTOCK
070239 HIP
070240 THIGH, FEMUR
070300 KNEE, POPLITEAL
070315 PATELLA
070400 LEG, CALF
070417 TIBIA, FIBULA
070429 ACHILLES AREA, HEEL
070500 ANKLE, TARSUS
070503 TARSAL-METATARSAL
070600 METATARSAL, FOOT
070608 TOE
080000 SKIN
080124 HAIR,SKIN : ALOPECIA;BALDNESS;HAIRLOSS;OPPILATION
090100 FEVERS
090101 CHILLS
090200 SWEATING PROBLEMS
090300 INFECTIONS: MALARIA,TB,CHOLERA,TYPHOID,TYPHUS,HERPES,ETC
090400 IMMUNITY
090410 TONIC EFFECTS
090419 GANGRENE, ISCHAEMIA OF EXTREMITIES
090420 LYMPHADENOPATHY
090500 BONES, JOINTS (GENERAL)
090600 MUSCLE, TENDON, SOFT TISSUES (GENERAL)
090700 ANALGESIA, PAIN CONTROL (GENERAL)
Philip A.M. Rogers MRCVS
These prescriptions are published as a micro-computer software package. They may not be published or used for commercial purposes without written permission from the author !! However, colleagues are most welcome to use them for their own clinical or research purposes.
Point convention used in the computer outputs :
The Channel Points are coded as follows: LU=Lung; LI=Large Intestine; ST=Stomach; SP=Spleen-Pancreas; HT=heart; SI=Small Intestine; BL=Bladder; KI=Kidney; PC=Heart Constrictor, Pericardium, Circulation-Sex; TH=Tri-Heater; GB=GallBladder; LV=Liver; CV=Conception Vessel (Ren Mo) ; GV=Governor Vessel (Du Mo). In this system, the second branch of the BL Channel has BL41 (FuFen) at the T2/scapular area and BL40 (WeiZhong) at the popliteal crease, as in the "Essentials of Chinese AP" 1993 (Coll. TCM, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanking) Foreign Languages Press, Beijing 432pp. The ST Channel has ST01 (ChengChi) infraorbital and ST08 (TouWei) on the meeting of the vertical and the horizontal hairline on the forehead.
Channel Code LU LI ST SP HT SI BL KI PC TH GB LV CV GV
no. of points 11 20 45 21 9 19 67 27 9 23 44 14 24 28
The New, Strange & Hand Points are ordered as in the "Newest Illustrations
of the AP points" (Med. & Health Publishers, Hongkong, 1973) :
NZ=New Head & Neck; NY=New Abdomen; NX=New Loin & Back; NA=New Upper Limb; NL=New Lower Limb;
Z =Strange Head & Neck; Y =Strange Thorax & Abdomen; X =Strange Loin & Back; A =Strange Upper Limb; L =Strange Lower Limb; H =Hand points.
New Points Strange Points
Point code NZ NY NX NA NL Z Y X A L H
no. of points 35 6 18 15 36 31 19 35 44 42 18
Category OT (Other) codes :
01=AhShi; 02=TianYing; 03=Segmental nerve; 04=Haemorrhoid point; 05=Local
points for region; 06=Distant points for region; 07=points on Channel through area; 08=Periosteal AP; 09=Periincisional pts.; 10=Chieh Kou (Cut ends)
Trigger Points (categories TP, TQ, TR):
Trigger Points are located as in "Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction" by
Travell & Simons (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore & London, 1983). Their coding is summarised in the index of point locations, which is appended.
Point code OT TP TQ TR
no. of points 10 99 99 3
The total number of points (Channel, New, Strange etc plus Trigger Points) in the database is 871.
The 12 basic laws of selecting points:
1. Treat the main contradiction, adding 1-2 points for the more serious symptoms.
2. Points according to the innervation or in same dermatome as the problem area or function. (The paravertebral and HuaToChiaChi (X 35) points are especially important).
3. AhShi (tender) points (trigger, myalgic, fibrositic, motor, REPP points).
4. Local points or points locally on nearest Channels.
5. Distant points on Channels controlling problem area.
6. Combination of local & distant points or Yin and Yang points (e.g. the YUAN (Source) point of the problem part/organ/Channel and the LUO (Passage) point of its linked Channel).
7. Points "Fore & Aft", "Above & Below", "Left & Right", encircling the problem area.
8. Points well known for their symptomatic effects.
9. Back & Abdomen combination: SHU (BL Reflex) and MU (Front Alarm) or points near the SHU and MU.
10. The XI (Cleft) point of affected organ/Channel in acute diseases.
11. Scar therapy; improving electrical conductivity of scars and soft tissue injury by needling, injection, laser, physiotherapy etc.
12. The TianYing point - under the ulcer base, into the cyst etc.
!! Always seek the tender (trigger) points !!
Final selection of points from this index :
1. High scores with multiple authors indicate the most important points. If the first point listed has a score <.40, this indicates poor agreement between authors and may indicate a prescription of doubtful value.
2. The first 4 to 6 points in each prescription list are the most frequently cited points. Additional points may be added from those remaining, if other symptoms indicate a need for them.
3. Prescriptions with less than 2 authors or with little variation in point scores may be of doubtful value !!
4. When needling, always provoke TehQi (needle sensation). Expect poor results if poor needle sensation is reported !!
5. The number of needles per session should normally be less than 12 (use as few as possible).
6. Alternate prescriptions if in doubt or if result is not satisfactory after 1-2 sessions.
7. Research workers seeking "non-active" points for "placebo" or "control" groups of subjects should not use any point listed in these prescriptions. As "active" points, they should consider points in the Top Ten of each list.
8. The most common prescription for local or organ problems is: local points + AhShi points + distant points.
!! Always seek the tender (Trigger) points !!
AMALGAMATED DATA: TOP 10 POINTS FOR MAJOR BODY FUNCTIONS, ORGANS & PARTS
The Point Index for body organs, parts and functions is laid out in a regional sequence as follows:
01xxxx Emergencies and First Aid
02xxxx Head, its organs and functions
03xxxx Neck, thyroid
04xxxx Thoracic limb
05xxxx Thorax, its organs and functions
06xxxx Abdomen, its organs and functions
07xxxx Pelvic limb
08xxxx Skin and hair
09xxxx General, immunity
When searching for, say the sacral area, search under 06xxxx (Abdomen)
When searching for, say the heart area, search under 05xxxx (Thorax )
The main headings of the index are :
010100 EMERGENCIES
010200 FIRST AID
020100 PSYCHE AND MENTAL DISORDERS
020200 ADDICTIONS
020300 BRAIN, ITS FUNCTIONS & PARTS, MENINGES, POLIO, CONVULSIONS,
020323 MEMORY: LOSS OF;AMNESIA;FORGETFUL
020349 BRAIN, MENINGES
020350 CVA, POLIO, PARALYSIS, HEMIPLEGIA
020351 CONVULSIONS, EPILEPSY, TETANUS, TREMOR
020353 SPINAL CORD
020400 HEAD, FOREHEAD, VERTEX, OCCIPUT, TEMPLE, HEADACHES,
020433 FOREHEAD, FRONTAL SINUSES
020434 VERTEX
020435 OCCIPUT
020436 TEMPLE
020500 FACE, CHEEK
020600 EYE, EYELID, VISION ETC
020700 NOSE, NOSTRIL, NASAL SINUSES, OLEFACTION
020800 THROAT, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TONSIL, VOICE
020900 EAR, HEARING, MENIERES DISEASE, EUSTACIAN TUBE, MASTOID ETC
021000 LIP, ORAL MUSCLES
021014 MOUTH
021100 TOOTH, GUM
021124 TOOTH, UPPER
021125 TOOTH, LOWER
021200 TONGUE, SPEECH
021222 SALIVA, SALIVARY GLANDS ETC
021300 MAXILLA
021313 CHIN
021315 MANDIBLE
021316 TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT, MASSETER
021317 MAXILLA, MANDIBLE
030000 NECK AND CERVICAL SPINE
030129 THYROID, PARATHYROID
040000 THORACIC LIMB, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
040200 SHOULDER, SCAPULA, CLAVICLE
040300 AXILLA
040400 ARM, HUMERUS
040500 ELBOW
040600 FOREARM, RADIUS, ULNA
040700 WRIST, CARPUS
040800 HAND, PALM
040900 FINGER
050000 THORAX AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
050001 THORAX, CHEST, RIBS, STERNUM
050002 THORACIC SPINE, BACK AREA
050200 HEART, PERICARDIUM
050228 CIRCULATION, BLOOD PRESSURE
050229 ARTERIES, VEINS, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ISCHAEMIA
050300 OEDEMA, FLUID RETENTION, ASCITES
050400 BLOOD, BODY DEFENCES, HAEMORRHAGE, THYMUS ETC
050500 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNG, COUGH, ETC
050541 PLEURA
050543 TRACHEA
050544 BRONCHI, LUNG, PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA
050545 COUGH GENERAL
050600 OESOPHAGUS
050700 DIAPHRAGM
060000 ABDOMEN AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
060141 ABDOMEN UPPER, EPIGASTRIC, HYPOCHONDRIAC AREA
060142 ABDOMEN MIDDLE, PERIUMBILICAL AREA
060143 ABDOMEN LOWER
060200 DORSO-LUMBAR SPINE AND AREA
060228 COCCYGEAL AREA
060231 LOWBACK (LUMBO-SACRAL, RENAL, SACRO-ILIAC), LUMBAR, SACRAL)
060232 WAIST, FLANK AREA
060300 LIVER (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, JAUNDICE, ACETONAEMIA ETC)
060323 GALLBLADDER, BILEDUCTS (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, OBSTRUCTION)
060400 SPLEEN
060410 PANCREAS, DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPO- & HYPER- GLYCAEMIA
060500 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
060503 INDIGESTION, INAPPETANCE, NAUSEA, VOMITING
060542 PAIN, COLIC, SPASM IN ABDOMEN OR ITS ORGANS, PERITONITIS
060543 DIARRHOEA, DYSENTERY, CONSTIPATION
060600 STOMACH AND DUODENUM
060700 SMALL INTESTINE, APPENDIX, CAECUM, COLON, RECTUM
060752 ANUS, TENESMUS, PROLAPSE, PILES
060753 INGUINAL AREA, GROIN
060754 PERINAEUM
060755 MALE & FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PUBIC AREA
060800 UROGENITAL (GENERAL CONDITIONS)
060900 URINARY TRACT AND FUNCTIONS
061000 GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION
061100 PREGNANCY: CONDITIONS OF
061101 PREGNANCY: FORBIDDEN/ABORTION Points
061125 PARTURITION
061126 POST-PARTUM CONDITIONS
061200 MAMMARY FEMALE
061300 MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION
061316 MENOPAUSE: GENERAL Points FOR FLUSHES & MENOPAUSAL PROBLEMS
061400 REPRODUCTION MALE (IMPOTENCE, SPERMATORRHOEA ETC )
061500 GENITALIA MALE
070000 PELVIC LIMB , ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
070200 BUTTOCK
070239 HIP
070240 THIGH, FEMUR
070300 KNEE, POPLITEAL
070315 PATELLA
070400 LEG, CALF
070417 TIBIA, FIBULA
070429 ACHILLES AREA, HEEL
070500 ANKLE, TARSUS
070503 TARSAL-METATARSAL
070600 METATARSAL, FOOT
070608 TOE
080000 SKIN
080124 HAIR,SKIN : ALOPECIA;BALDNESS;HAIRLOSS;OPPILATION
090100 FEVERS
090101 CHILLS
090200 SWEATING PROBLEMS
090300 INFECTIONS: MALARIA,TB,CHOLERA,TYPHOID,TYPHUS,HERPES,ETC
090400 IMMUNITY
090410 TONIC EFFECTS
090419 GANGRENE, ISCHAEMIA OF EXTREMITIES
090420 LYMPHADENOPATHY
090500 BONES, JOINTS (GENERAL)
090600 MUSCLE, TENDON, SOFT TISSUES (GENERAL)
090700 ANALGESIA, PAIN CONTROL (GENERAL)
010100 EMERGENCIES /
39 References / 168 Points / Rating .964
GV26 KI01 ST36 PC06 A 01 LI04 PC09 GV20 LU11 LI11
.851 .824 .521 .500 .497 .441 .391 .362 .338 .319
010200 FIRST AID /
32 References / 145 Points / Rating .959
GV20 ST36 PC06 GB20 LV03 GV26 Z 03 LI04 Z 09 LU11
.570 .564 .521 .414 .322 .306 .293 .290 .283 .221
020100 PSYCHE AND MENTAL DISORDERS /
46 References / 344 Points / Rating .967
HT07 SP06 PC06 ST36 GB20 LI04 GV20 LV03 BL15 CV12
.867 .780 .771 .692 .634 .620 .539 .521 .515 .515
020200 ADDICTIONS /
18 References / 71 Points / Rating .950
ST36 SP06 LI04 BL13 PC06 CV12 BL21 CV06 LV03 GB08
.637 .579 .409 .327 .292 .292 .275 .269 .234 .211
020300 BRAIN, ITS FUNCTIONS & PARTS, MENINGES, POLIO, CONVULSI-ONS, MEMORY,
TETANUS, CVA ETC / 53 References / 477 Points / Rating .953
LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 LI15 GB20 GB30 ST04 GV14
.800 .741 .703 .663 .634 .610 .608 .604 .594 .578
020323 MEMORY: LOSS OF;AMNESIA;FORGETFUL /
15 References / 45 Points / Rating .940
HT07 GV11 BL15 BL43 HT03 GV20 HT09 NL04 ST36 PC06
.553 .383 .340 .319 .270 .270 .241 .213 .199 .199
020349 BRAIN, MENINGES /
19 References / 100 Points / Rating .937
LI04 GV15 GB20 ST36 GV12 LI11 GB34 BL64 KI01 GV14
.444 .427 .427 .371 .360 .303 .264 .258 .213 .213
020350 CVA, POLIO, PARALYSIS, HEMIPLEGIA /
44 References / 401 Points / Rating .964
LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 GB30 ST04 LI15 TH05 GB39
.858 .792 .767 .743 .731 .719 .684 .656 .618 .616
020351 CONVULSIONS, EPILEPSY, TETANUS, TREMOR /
35 References / 272 Points / Rating .960
GV14 ST36 LI04 GV26 KI01 GV20 LV03 LI11 GB20 PC06
.723 .693 .690 .670 .664 .661 .658 .607 .604 .589
020353 SPINAL CORD /
10 References / 27 Points / Rating .910
BL11 GV14 GV04 BL60 GV15 KI07 BL10 GV20 ST36 KI08
.440 .440 .429 .330 .297 .253 .220 .220 .209 .187
020400 HEAD, FOREHEAD, VERTEX, OCCIPUT, TEMPLE, HEADACHES, SINUSITIS ETC /
52 References / 286 Points / Rating .965
LI04 GB20 Z 09 GV20 LU07 Z 03 BL10 LI20 BL02 BL60
.902 .845 .725 .657 .635 .610 .556 .540 .500 .494
020433 FOREHEAD, FRONTAL SINUSES /
34 References / 74 Points / Rating .971
LI04 Z 03 GB14 BL02 GV23 Z 09 GB20 LU07 ST44 GV24
.800 .594 .491 .430 .403 .355 .297 .273 .206 .203
020434 VERTEX /
27 References / 51 Points / Rating .948
GV20 GB20 LV03 KI01 LI04 BL07 GV19 BL60 GB11 SI03
.832 .574 .492 .387 .340 .223 .215 .188 .156 .148
020435 OCCIPUT /
35 References / 80 Points / Rating .957
GB20 BL10 SI03 BL60 GV15 BL65 LI04 LU07 GV20 OT05
.854 .606 .409 .310 .260 .254 .254 .236 .227 .173
020436 TEMPLE /
23 References / 57 Points / Rating .961
Z 09 GB20 GB08 GB41 LI04 TH03 TH05 TH23 GB07 LU07
.579 .471 .448 .430 .344 .308 .213 .213 .208 .181
020500 FACE, CHEEK /
49 References / 198 Points / Rating .963
LI04 ST06 ST04 ST07 ST02 LI20 BL02 GB14 TH17 ST03
.860 .860 .780 .780 .595 .581 .547 .532 .513 .487
020600 EYE, EYELID, VISION ETC /
43 References / 292 Points / Rating .958
BL01 LI04 GB20 ST01 Z 09 BL02 ST02 GB14 TH23 BL18
.835 .811 .735 .648 .595 .590 .583 .566 .558 .512
020700 NOSE, NOSTRIL, NASAL SINUSES, OLEFACTION /
43 References / 204 Points / Rating .963
LI04 LI20 GB20 GV23 LI11 GV14 Z 03 BL07 LI19 ST02
.930 .867 .684 .577 .512 .495 .457 .437 .367 .350
020800 THROAT, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TONSIL, VOICE /
43 References / 208 Points / Rating .960
LI04 LU11 CV22 LI11 ST44 LU10 CV23 PC06 LI18 SI17
.952 .634 .598 .586 .545 .484 .409 .395 .378 .378
020900 EAR, HEARING, MENIERES DISEASE, EUSTACIAN TUBE, MASTOID ETC /
45 References / 276 Points / Rating .964
TH17 GB02 SI19 TH21 TH05 GB20 LI04 TH03 ST36 GV20
.843 .733 .721 .721 .680 .671 .659 .624 .583 .539
021000 LIP, ORAL MUSCLES /
22 References / 57 Points / Rating .955
ST04 ST03 LI04 ST06 CV24 GV26 ST07 ST44 LI20 LI03
.638 .519 .510 .419 .329 .267 .233 .186 .181 .171
021014 MOUTH /
28 References / 104 Points / Rating .950
LI04 LI11 ST04 ST06 PC08 GV12 GV27 LI07 Z 20 ST44
.680 .492 .455 .421 .346 .301 .289 .282 .256 .241
021100 TOOTH, GUM /
44 References / 170 Points / Rating .959
LI04 ST06 ST07 ST44 ST05 CV24 SI18 LI03 LI11 ST03
.891 .874 .822 .616 .410 .386 .299 .296 .296 .296
021124 TOOTH, UPPER /
10 References / 24 Points / Rating .950
LI04 ST07 ST06 ST44 SI18 LI20 ST02 ST36 GV26 SI05
.589 .589 .411 .411 .389 .316 .316 .211 .211 .200
021125 TOOTH, LOWER /
17 References / 35 Points / Rating .959
ST06 LI04 ST05 LI03 ST07 ST44 ST36 CV24 TH08 LI11
.699 .515 .472 .411 .288 .233 .184 .184 .153 .104
021200 TONGUE, SPEECH /
38 References / 179 Points / Rating .961
CV23 GV15 LI04 HT05 TH17 LI11 TH05 ST06 GB20 Z 21
.732 .641 .600 .501 .397 .392 .389 .345 .310 .247
021222 SALIVA, SALIVARY GLANDS ETC /
11 References / 34 Points / Rating .964
ST40 SP04 LV03 LI04 SI05 LI10 ST43 BL59 GB07 GB38
.283 .283 .283 .274 .255 .245 .189 .189 .189 .189
021300 MAXILLA /
25 References / 65 Points / Rating .960
LI04 ST02 ST07 ST03 ST06 LI20 ST04 SI18 GV26 ST44
.679 .675 .525 .508 .479 .450 .329 .317 .313 .279
021313 CHIN /
4 References / 12 Points / Rating .925
CV24 ST04 ST05 CV22 GV27 SI10 SI07 GB05 GB21 GV22
.730 .541 .541 .541 .541 .459 .270 .270 .270 .270
021315 MANDIBLE /
39 References / 110 Points / Rating .962
ST06 ST07 LI04 CV24 ST05 ST04 ST36 LV03 TH17 ST44
.773 .669 .640 .392 .381 .365 .315 .267 .248 .232
021316 TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT, MASSETER /
37 References / 76 Points / Rating .962
LI04 ST07 ST06 GB02 ST05 SI19 TH17 LV03 GV26 TH21
.705 .702 .654 .346 .323 .267 .261 .197 .194 .191
021317 MAXILLA, MANDIBLE /
33 References / 100 Points / Rating .967
ST06 ST07 LI04 ST02 ST04 ST03 CV24 ST05 LI20 ST44
.755 .755 .721 .508 .458 .442 .398 .386 .367 .332
030000 NECK AND CERVICAL SPINE /
49 References / 254 Points / Rating .963
GB20 GV14 LI04 BL10 SI03 LI11 OT01 GB21 GB39 SI15
.676 .540 .530 .489 .485 .468 .434 .413 .409 .381
030129 THYROID, PARATHYROID /
28 References / 110 Points / Rating .964
CV22 LI11 LI04 ST09 PC06 GB20 LI18 BL10 CV23 GV14
.567 .426 .422 .419 .385 .304 .289 .237 .237 .233
040000 THORACIC LIMB, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
48 References / 291 Points / Rating .983
LI11 LI15 TH05 LI04 SI03 TH04 HT03 PC07 LI10 OT05
.978 .879 .842 .792 .688 .669 .608 .606 .604 .604
040200 SHOULDER, SCAPULA, CLAVICLE /
45 References / 181 Points / Rating .960
LI15 LI11 TH14 SI11 SI09 LI04 OT01 SI10 OT05 BL11
.873 .713 .625 .507 .491 .470 .449 .417 .403 .396
040300 AXILLA /
17 References / 40 Points / Rating .959
HT01 GB40 GB42 GB22 SI09 PC01 GB38 PC05 LI15 TH12
.460 .411 .405 .362 .344 .344 .276 .184 .160 .160
040400 ARM, HUMERUS /
33 References / 167 Points / Rating .961
LI11 LI15 LI04 SI09 SI11 TH06 LI10 TH08 LI14 PC03
.874 .659 .451 .429 .394 .391 .391 .360 .353 .328
040500 ELBOW /
42 References / 126 Points / Rating .967
LI11 TH05 LI04 HT03 LU05 LI10 OT01 LI12 TH10 SI07
.852 .520 .453 .453 .404 .404 .335 .313 .310 .239
040600 FOREARM, RADIUS, ULNA /
27 References / 106 Points / Rating .948
LI11 HT03 LI10 LI04 PC06 HT07 PC03 TH05 SI08 TH09
.707 .676 .672 .563 .559 .434 .434 .422 .367 .363
040700 WRIST, CARPUS /
36 References / 97 Points / Rating .967
TH04 TH05 LI04 PC07 LI05 LU07 SI04 PC06 LI11 OT01
.690 .500 .422 .391 .330 .307 .273 .250 .247 .247
040800 HAND, PALM /
32 References / 101 Points / Rating .953
LI04 LI11 A 22 SI03 PC07 LI03 PC08 SI04 TH03 PC06
.564 .380 .380 .338 .302 .292 .289 .213 .213 .193
040900 FINGER /
38 References / 130 Points / Rating .958
LI04 A 22 SI03 LI03 TH05 SI04 SI07 PC07 PC06 TH04
.555 .536 .503 .409 .401 .371 .368 .365 .354 .349
050000 THORAX AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
53 References / 431 Points / Rating .962
PC06 BL13 BL17 ST36 LI11 LI04 GV14 GB34 GB20 HT07
.812 .808 .808 .755 .741 .733 .722 .696 .688 .682
050001 THORAX, CHEST, RIBS, STERNUM /
44 References / 231 Points / Rating .975
GB34 PC06 TH06 BL18 CV17 BL17 LV13 BL14 LV14 BL15
.746 .730 .615 .515 .492 .401 .401 .375 .361 .347
050002 THORACIC SPINE, BACK AREA /
38 References / 203 Points / Rating .958
GV14 BL40 OT01 GV12 OT05 GV13 X 35 GV09 BL60 OT06
.505 .473 .407 .404 .401 .398 .349 .338 .330 .269
050200 HEART, PERICARDIUM /
39 References / 242 Points / Rating .964
PC06 HT07 BL15 HT05 PC05 ST36 BL14 PC07 PC04 CV17
.843 .766 .633 .556 .492 .457 .452 .449 .439 .439
050228 CIRCULATION, BLOOD PRESSURE /
36 References / 142 Points / Rating .958
LI11 ST36 LV03 GB20 ST09 PC06 SP06 KI01 CV12 HT07
.690 .687 .545 .539 .406 .400 .342 .328 .313 .299
050229 ARTERIES, VEINS, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ISCHAEMIA /
14 References / 123 Points / Rating .914
ST36 GB20 BL10 CV06 SP06 GV20 GB21 LV03 GV14 OT05
.797 .719 .570 .523 .500 .500 .492 .453 .438 .438
050300 OEDEMA, FLUID RETENTION, ASCITES /
25 References / 114 Points / Rating .952
SP09 CV09 KI07 BL23 ST36 BL20 ST25 SP06 CV05 CV08
.647 .597 .559 .517 .475 .445 .441 .437 .349 .315
050400 BLOOD, BODY DEFENCES, HAEMORRHAGE, THYMUS ETC /
29 References / 111 Points / Rating .959
BL17 ST36 BL20 LI04 LI11 CV04 GV14 SP06 CV06 SP10
.752 .680 .464 .410 .410 .392 .374 .335 .306 .284
050500 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNG, COUGH, PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA
ETC / 48 References / 345 Points / Rating .963
BL13 GV14 CV22 LI04 LU05 LU07 CV17 ST40 BL12 PC06
.831 .797 .736 .725 .710 .686 .667 .641 .602 .587
050541 PLEURA /
15 References / 144 Points / Rating .913
BL42 BL47 BL43 KI23 ST12 KI22 BL13 BL11 GB22 GB44
.628 .628 .620 .620 .555 .555 .533 .482 .482 .482
050543 TRACHEA /
21 References / 49 Points / Rating .938
CV22 ST40 LI04 BL13 LU02 GV14 BL11 LU07 CV17 PC06
.670 .401 .386 .365 .244 .234 .223 .183 .183 .152
050544 BRONCHI, LUNG, PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA /
44 References / 251 Points / Rating .966
BL13 CV22 CV17 GV14 LU05 BL12 PC06 LI04 LU07 ST36
.816 .753 .725 .602 .562 .544 .532 .494 .466 .452
050545 COUGH GENERAL /
41 References / 198 Points / Rating .961
BL13 LU05 LU07 ST40 CV22 LU10 GV12 BL12 CV17 GV14
.627 .622 .599 .586 .548 .343 .343 .338 .338 .327
050600 OESOPHAGUS /
20 References / 96 Points / Rating .935
PC06 BL17 ST36 LI04 CV17 LI10 BL10 CV12 CV22 BL20
.604 .487 .412 .401 .390 .337 .337 .337 .326 .294
050700 DIAPHRAGM /
34 References / 86 Points / Rating .962
BL17 PC06 CV12 ST36 CV15 CV17 LV14 GB24 ST13 CV22
.728 .569 .419 .355 .355 .324 .318 .291 .263 .245
060000 ABDOMEN AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
53 References / 489 Points / Rating .966
ST36 SP06 CV12 CV04 BL23 PC06 GB34 CV03 CV06 ST25
.969 .961 .924 .922 .908 .885 .850 .850 .830 .826
060141 ABDOMEN UPPER, EPIGASTRIC, HYPOCHONDRIAC AREA /
28 References / 115 Points / Rating .979
ST36 PC06 CV12 BL21 BL51 GB34 BL23 LV13 LV01 BL18
.639 .569 .526 .420 .288 .182 .168 .168 .164 .164
060142 ABDOMEN MIDDLE, PERIUMBILICAL AREA /
18 References / 65 Points / Rating .989
SP14 ST36 ST25 CV06 CV08 CV07 BL23 BL25 GB34 CV04
.388 .382 .331 .281 .225 .169 .112 .112 .112 .112
060143 ABDOMEN LOWER /
38 References / 132 Points / Rating .961
ST36 L 13 SP06 ST25 CV04 LI11 ST37 CV03 SP13 CV06
.710 .542 .499 .493 .438 .340 .241 .238 .236 .236
060200 DORSO-LUMBAR SPINE AND AREA /
31 References / 150 Points / Rating .968
BL40 BL23 X 35 BL60 OT01 BL37 GB30 GV14 OT05 OT06
.523 .447 .397 .363 .230 .230 .230 .230 .227 .197
060228 COCCYGEAL AREA /
9 References / 34 Points / Rating .911
BL34 BL40 SI06 BL30 OT01 BL37 X 35 OT05 OT06 BL35
.683 .610 .488 .488 .488 .366 .366 .366 .366 .317
060231 LOWBACK (LUMBO-SACRAL, RENAL, SACRO-ILIAC), LUMBAR, SACRAL SPINE /
49 References / 250 Points / Rating .963
BL23 BL40 GB30 BL60 GB34 BL25 BL37 GV04 BL57 BL31
.879 .862 .761 .701 .678 .672 .617 .553 .515 .506
060232 WAIST, FLANK AREA /
13 References / 76 Points / Rating .962
GB34 GB40 BL40 GB30 GB41 ST36 BL23 GB39 LV02 LV13
.944 .480 .448 .448 .320 .312 .280 .232 .232 .232
060300 LIVER (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, JAUNDICE, ACETONAEMIA ETC) /
35 References / 158 Points / Rating .951
BL18 LV03 BL19 GV09 BL20 ST36 LV13 GB34 BL48 SP06
.793 .748 .736 .640 .598 .550 .483 .471 .399 .378
060323 GALLBLADDER, BILEDUCTS (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, OBSTRUCT-ION ETC) /
34 References / 102 Points / Rating .956
BL19 ST36 GB34 L 23 PC06 GV09 GB24 LV03 BL18 GB40
.717 .689 .671 .548 .474 .471 .412 .400 .363 .348
060400 SPLEEN /
25 References / 65 Points / Rating .948
BL20 ST36 LV13 BL51 SP06 CV12 PC06 X 16 LV03 BL22
.603 .553 .397 .287 .241 .241 .228 .211 .207 .190
060410 PANCREAS, DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPO- & HYPER- GLYCAEMIA /
28 References / 91 Points / Rating .950
KI02 CV12 BL23 ST36 SP06 CV04 BL20 BL18 BL17 X 12
.429 .417 .414 .398 .391 .391 .387 .383 .316 .301
060500 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT /
49 References / 343 Points / Rating .963
ST36 ST25 PC06 CV12 CV06 SP06 CV04 BL21 TH06 BL20
.945 .875 .835 .811 .718 .697 .672 .604 .597 .572
060503 INDIGESTION, INAPPETANCE, NAUSEA, VOMITING /
44 References / 287 Points / Rating .959
ST36 PC06 CV12 ST25 SP06 CV06 BL21 BL20 SP04 LI04
.986 .872 .860 .666 .595 .590 .581 .569 .438 .422
060542 PAIN, COLIC, SPASM IN ABDOMEN OR ITS ORGANS, PERITONITIS /
52 References / 344 Points / Rating .965
ST36 CV12 SP06 PC06 CV04 ST25 CV06 BL23 BL21 CV03
.849 .843 .829 .729 .671 .655 .633 .629 .588 .554
060543 DIARRHOEA, DYSENTERY, CONSTIPATION /
43 References / 215 Points / Rating .963
ST25 ST36 CV04 CV12 SP06 TH06 CV06 BL25 CV08 SP09
.930 .867 .722 .657 .635 .611 .609 .529 .490 .454
060600 STOMACH AND DUODENUM /
46 References / 250 Points / Rating .961
ST36 CV12 PC06 ST25 BL21 CV13 CV06 BL20 SP04 SP06
.941 .912 .747 .692 .690 .491 .473 .455 .428 .412
060700 SMALL INTESTINE, APPENDIX, CAECUM, COLON, RECTUM /
39 References / 213 Points / Rating .959
ST36 ST25 BL25 CV04 L 13 CV12 BL27 PC06 SP15 ST37
.832 .791 .644 .580 .556 .532 .511 .444 .441 .436
060752 ANUS, TENESMUS, PROLAPSE, PILES /
38 References / 132 Points / Rating .961
GV01 BL57 GV20 BL32 SP06 BL25 BL31 BL33 BL30 BL34
.847 .770 .718 .496 .474 .455 .419 .419 .389 .370
060753 INGUINAL AREA, GROIN /
21 References / 91 Points / Rating .943
LV01 SP11 SP12 SP13 ST30 KI11 LV03 LV04 LV06 SP06
.480 .384 .348 .298 .293 .288 .278 .253 .253 .232
060754 PERINAEUM /
19 References / 68 Points / Rating .932
BL32 GV01 BL31 BL30 BL33 BL34 LV01 LV10 SP06 ST36
.316 .299 .271 .260 .226 .226 .226 .226 .215 .209
060755 MALE & FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PUBIC AREA /
23 References / 86 Points / Rating .948
CV04 CV03 SP06 LV08 CV07 LV04 LV12 CV01 LV02 LV01
.683 .606 .431 .353 .344 .312 .303 .275 .257 .252
060800 UROGENITAL (GENERAL CONDITIONS) /
50 References / 290 Points / Rating .964
SP06 CV04 BL23 CV03 CV06 BL28 KI03 BL32 ST36 SP09
.979 .880 .863 .757 .676 .660 .637 .620 .566 .564
060900 URINARY TRACT AND FUNCTIONS /
47 References / 235 Points / Rating .964
SP06 BL23 BL28 CV03 CV04 CV06 KI03 SP09 CV02 BL32
.925 .808 .702 .702 .700 .611 .570 .536 .459 .426
061000 GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION /
41 References / 232 Points / Rating .959
SP06 CV04 GV04 CV06 SP10 CV03 GB26 BL32 LV03 ST36
.863 .781 .585 .580 .565 .555 .517 .509 .506 .491
061100 PREGNANCY: CONDITIONS OF /
25 References / 81 Points / Rating .952
BL67 ST36 PC06 LV03 SP04 SP06 BL18 CV17 CV12 KI21
.542 .475 .445 .273 .235 .223 .197 .197 .193 .189
061101 PREGNANCY: FORBIDDEN/ABORTION Points /
23 References / 71 Points / Rating .957
SP06 LI04 BL67 BL60 LV03 BL32 ST36 CV04 CV03 BL31
.745 .623 .623 .436 .427 .305 .259 .259 .241 .218
061125 PARTURITION /
26 References / 47 Points / Rating .958
SP06 LI04 BL67 BL60 BL32 LV03 BL31 ST36 SP09 BL62
.735 .655 .558 .382 .353 .349 .313 .241 .197 .157
061126 POST-PARTUM CONDITIONS /
27 References / 120 Points / Rating .963
SP06 GV20 CV04 Y 16 CV02 LV01 CV03 CV07 Y 18 CV06
.635 .485 .481 .462 .442 .415 .392 .331 .308 .304
061200 MAMMARY FEMALE /
27 References / 101 Points / Rating .978
CV17 SI01 ST18 GB41 ST36 ST16 SP18 LI04 LV03 GB21
.777 .625 .621 .371 .333 .284 .284 .261 .223 .212
061300 MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION /
45 References / 210 Points / Rating .962
SP06 CV04 CV03 CV06 SP10 ST36 BL23 LV03 BL32 BL33
.917 .824 .776 .674 .651 .515 .510 .467 .464 .464
061316 MENOPAUSE: GENERAL Points FOR FLUSHES & MENOPAUSAL PROBLEMS /
7 References / 11 Points / Rating .914
ST36 SP06 CV04 LI04 PC06 GB21 CV03 SP10 LV14 CV05
.609 .609 .609 .313 .156 .156 .156 .141 .141 .141
061400 REPRODUCTION MALE (IMPOTENCE, SPERMATORRHOEA ETC ) /
42 References / 180 Points / Rating .964
SP06 CV04 BL23 CV03 CV06 BL32 GV04 BL33 BL31 ST36
.953 .877 .859 .728 .662 .590 .565 .558 .543 .531
061500 GENITALIA MALE /
25 References / 137 Points / Rating .956
SP06 CV03 CV04 ST29 BL32 BL33 BL34 LV01 BL31 LV04
.854 .753 .707 .611 .565 .485 .481 .473 .444 .431
070000 PELVIC LIMB , ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
52 References / 330 Points / Rating .965
GB34 ST36 GB30 SP06 BL60 BL40 BL57 GB39 GB31 KI03
.940 .884 .841 .809 .793 .773 .751 .735 .691 .687
070200 BUTTOCK /
18 References / 80 Points / Rating .956
GB30 BL36 OT01 ST36 BL23 BL54 BL37 OT05 BL40 BL60
.564 .407 .401 .285 .285 .285 .285 .233 .174 .174
070239 HIP /
37 References / 100 Points / Rating .968
GB30 GB34 GB29 GB31 BL40 BL60 OT01 GB39 ST36 LV08
.888 .595 .408 .380 .352 .304 .279 .274 .193 .176
070240 THIGH, FEMUR /
27 References / 124 Points / Rating .963
GB30 GB31 GB34 LV08 ST36 BL23 LV11 BL40 BL37 SP06
.773 .585 .519 .512 .458 .400 .362 .335 .304 .300
070300 KNEE, POPLITEAL /
44 References / 146 Points / Rating .968
GB34 BL40 L 16 ST35 SP09 ST36 ST34 LV08 OT01 GB31
.864 .608 .596 .568 .479 .390 .383 .380 .272 .251
070315 PATELLA /
4 References / 21 Points / Rating .975
SP09 SP10 GB33 OT01 OT05 BL40 LV08 BL11 ST30 SP05
.769 .769 .769 .769 .744 .513 .513 .487 .256 .256
070400 LEG, CALF /
47 References / 208 Points / Rating .962
BL57 GB34 ST36 SP06 BL40 GB30 BL60 GB39 ST32 LV03
.701 .657 .555 .553 .509 .480 .363 .314 .292 .237
070417 TIBIA, FIBULA /
17 References / 63 Points / Rating .965
ST36 GB35 GB34 GB37 BL40 LV03 GB36 GB30 BL62 LV02
.543 .402 .366 .360 .348 .305 .287 .244 .226 .226
070429 ACHILLES AREA, HEEL /
17 References / 58 Points / Rating .971
BL60 KI03 BL57 BL61 KI04 SP06 OT01 ST36 ST41 BL40
.606 .594 .545 .352 .352 .303 .303 .182 .182 .182
070500 ANKLE, TARSUS /
40 References / 112 Points / Rating .973
BL60 ST41 KI03 GB39 GB40 SP06 BL57 OT01 ST36 SP05
.769 .725 .555 .506 .427 .360 .355 .280 .254 .252
070503 TARSAL-METATARSAL /
15 References / 38 Points / Rating .967
GB41 OT01 ST41 OT05 BL59 KI06 GB40 BL60 SP05 KI03
.483 .483 .414 .414 .338 .269 .269 .262 .207 .200
070600 METATARSAL, FOOT /
36 References / 138 Points / Rating .956
BL60 KI03 LV03 SP06 BL57 ST41 GB39 OT01 ST42 GB41
.608 .570 .462 .448 .395 .363 .337 .317 .308 .308
070608 TOE /
34 References / 118 Points / Rating .965
L 08 SP04 SP06 LV03 OT05 ST36 GB34 OT01 BL60 SP05
.454 .378 .360 .351 .299 .268 .241 .241 .207 ."01
080000 SKIN /
38 References / 223 Points / Rating .963
LI11 LI04 SP10 SP06 ST36 BL40 GV14 OT05 BL13 GB20
.836 .710 .689 .522 .503 .495 .380 .374 .325 .273
080124 HAIR,SKIN : ALOPECIA;BALDNESS;HAIRLOSS;OPPILATION /
9 References / 66 Points / Rating .956
BL16 BL40 GB20 OT05 LI04 BL10 CV12 ST36 BL43 CV04
.547 .419 .349 .349 .233 .233 .233 .221 .221 .221
090100 FEVERS /
37 References / 195 Points / Rating .959
GV14 LI11 LI04 PC05 BL40 GV13 A 01 PC09 LI01 LU10
.932 .907 .786 .468 .437 .431 .420 .408 .403 .389
090101 CHILLS /
17 References / 100 Points / Rating .929
GV14 ST36 LI04 GV16 BL40 HT06 GB25 LI11 TH04 BL12
.791 .551 .544 .481 .418 .354 .241 .234 .222 .215
090200 SWEATING PROBLEMS /
26 References / 94 Points / Rating .954
KI07 LI04 HT06 SI03 SP02 LV02 LU08 LU10 LU11 GV14
.815 .536 .460 .383 .278 .270 .185 .185 .181 .149
090300 INFECTIONS: MALARIA,TB,CHOLERA,TYPHOID,TYPHUS,HERPES,RU-BELLA,
VARI-CELLA ETC / 34 References / 195 Points / Rating .965
GV14 ST36 PC05 LI04 SI03 LI11 GV13 PC06 SP06 CV12
.726 .680 .616 .576 .543 .530 .497 .460 .375 .345
090400 IMMUNITY /
12 References / 19 Points / Rating .933
ST36 LI04 GV14 SP06 LI11 CV04 BL18 BL19 BL23 CV06
.598 .580 .580 .321 .313 .250 .179 .179 .179 .179
090410 TONIC EFFECTS /
28 References / 156 Points / Rating .957
ST36 CV06 CV04 BL43 BL20 PC06 BL23 LI04 SP06 LI11
.821 .451 .448 .444 .246 .243 .228 .216 .209 .198
090419 GANGRENE, ISCHAEMIA OF EXTREMITIES /
11 References / 33 Points / Rating .973
OT02 OT05 A 22 L 08 LI11 HT03 GB34 SP09 SP06 BL43
.467 .458 .374 .374 .364 .364 .364 .280 .178 .178
090420 LYMPHADENOPATHY /
12 References / 32 Points / Rating .917
ST36 HT03 BL60 SP06 GB39 OT02 ST31 PC01 LI01 LI13
.264 .236 .236 .182 .182 .182 .173 .173 .155 .155
090500 BONES, JOINTS (GENERAL) /
34 References / 214 Points / Rating .959
OT05 OT06 ST36 LI04 OT01 GB34 LI11 TH05 BL11 BL23
.669 .491 .479 .463 .457 .423 .417 .325 .322 .298
090600 MUSCLE, TENDON, SOFT TISSUES (GENERAL)
28 References / 133 Points / Rating .946
OT05 OT01 GB34 ST36 OT06 LI04 LV03 LI11 SP06 OT03
.600 .540 .491 .438 .389 .385 .321 .317 .287 .275
090700 ANALGESIA, PAIN CONTROL (GENERAL) /
23 References / 78 Points / Rating .957
LI04 ST36 LI11 TH05 OT05 SP06 LV03 GB34 A 22 GB38
.482 .436 .355 .341 .341 .314 .273 .264 .227 .209
39 References / 168 Points / Rating .964
GV26 KI01 ST36 PC06 A 01 LI04 PC09 GV20 LU11 LI11
.851 .824 .521 .500 .497 .441 .391 .362 .338 .319
010200 FIRST AID /
32 References / 145 Points / Rating .959
GV20 ST36 PC06 GB20 LV03 GV26 Z 03 LI04 Z 09 LU11
.570 .564 .521 .414 .322 .306 .293 .290 .283 .221
020100 PSYCHE AND MENTAL DISORDERS /
46 References / 344 Points / Rating .967
HT07 SP06 PC06 ST36 GB20 LI04 GV20 LV03 BL15 CV12
.867 .780 .771 .692 .634 .620 .539 .521 .515 .515
020200 ADDICTIONS /
18 References / 71 Points / Rating .950
ST36 SP06 LI04 BL13 PC06 CV12 BL21 CV06 LV03 GB08
.637 .579 .409 .327 .292 .292 .275 .269 .234 .211
020300 BRAIN, ITS FUNCTIONS & PARTS, MENINGES, POLIO, CONVULSI-ONS, MEMORY,
TETANUS, CVA ETC / 53 References / 477 Points / Rating .953
LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 LI15 GB20 GB30 ST04 GV14
.800 .741 .703 .663 .634 .610 .608 .604 .594 .578
020323 MEMORY: LOSS OF;AMNESIA;FORGETFUL /
15 References / 45 Points / Rating .940
HT07 GV11 BL15 BL43 HT03 GV20 HT09 NL04 ST36 PC06
.553 .383 .340 .319 .270 .270 .241 .213 .199 .199
020349 BRAIN, MENINGES /
19 References / 100 Points / Rating .937
LI04 GV15 GB20 ST36 GV12 LI11 GB34 BL64 KI01 GV14
.444 .427 .427 .371 .360 .303 .264 .258 .213 .213
020350 CVA, POLIO, PARALYSIS, HEMIPLEGIA /
44 References / 401 Points / Rating .964
LI04 LI11 ST36 GB34 ST06 GB30 ST04 LI15 TH05 GB39
.858 .792 .767 .743 .731 .719 .684 .656 .618 .616
020351 CONVULSIONS, EPILEPSY, TETANUS, TREMOR /
35 References / 272 Points / Rating .960
GV14 ST36 LI04 GV26 KI01 GV20 LV03 LI11 GB20 PC06
.723 .693 .690 .670 .664 .661 .658 .607 .604 .589
020353 SPINAL CORD /
10 References / 27 Points / Rating .910
BL11 GV14 GV04 BL60 GV15 KI07 BL10 GV20 ST36 KI08
.440 .440 .429 .330 .297 .253 .220 .220 .209 .187
020400 HEAD, FOREHEAD, VERTEX, OCCIPUT, TEMPLE, HEADACHES, SINUSITIS ETC /
52 References / 286 Points / Rating .965
LI04 GB20 Z 09 GV20 LU07 Z 03 BL10 LI20 BL02 BL60
.902 .845 .725 .657 .635 .610 .556 .540 .500 .494
020433 FOREHEAD, FRONTAL SINUSES /
34 References / 74 Points / Rating .971
LI04 Z 03 GB14 BL02 GV23 Z 09 GB20 LU07 ST44 GV24
.800 .594 .491 .430 .403 .355 .297 .273 .206 .203
020434 VERTEX /
27 References / 51 Points / Rating .948
GV20 GB20 LV03 KI01 LI04 BL07 GV19 BL60 GB11 SI03
.832 .574 .492 .387 .340 .223 .215 .188 .156 .148
020435 OCCIPUT /
35 References / 80 Points / Rating .957
GB20 BL10 SI03 BL60 GV15 BL65 LI04 LU07 GV20 OT05
.854 .606 .409 .310 .260 .254 .254 .236 .227 .173
020436 TEMPLE /
23 References / 57 Points / Rating .961
Z 09 GB20 GB08 GB41 LI04 TH03 TH05 TH23 GB07 LU07
.579 .471 .448 .430 .344 .308 .213 .213 .208 .181
020500 FACE, CHEEK /
49 References / 198 Points / Rating .963
LI04 ST06 ST04 ST07 ST02 LI20 BL02 GB14 TH17 ST03
.860 .860 .780 .780 .595 .581 .547 .532 .513 .487
020600 EYE, EYELID, VISION ETC /
43 References / 292 Points / Rating .958
BL01 LI04 GB20 ST01 Z 09 BL02 ST02 GB14 TH23 BL18
.835 .811 .735 .648 .595 .590 .583 .566 .558 .512
020700 NOSE, NOSTRIL, NASAL SINUSES, OLEFACTION /
43 References / 204 Points / Rating .963
LI04 LI20 GB20 GV23 LI11 GV14 Z 03 BL07 LI19 ST02
.930 .867 .684 .577 .512 .495 .457 .437 .367 .350
020800 THROAT, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TONSIL, VOICE /
43 References / 208 Points / Rating .960
LI04 LU11 CV22 LI11 ST44 LU10 CV23 PC06 LI18 SI17
.952 .634 .598 .586 .545 .484 .409 .395 .378 .378
020900 EAR, HEARING, MENIERES DISEASE, EUSTACIAN TUBE, MASTOID ETC /
45 References / 276 Points / Rating .964
TH17 GB02 SI19 TH21 TH05 GB20 LI04 TH03 ST36 GV20
.843 .733 .721 .721 .680 .671 .659 .624 .583 .539
021000 LIP, ORAL MUSCLES /
22 References / 57 Points / Rating .955
ST04 ST03 LI04 ST06 CV24 GV26 ST07 ST44 LI20 LI03
.638 .519 .510 .419 .329 .267 .233 .186 .181 .171
021014 MOUTH /
28 References / 104 Points / Rating .950
LI04 LI11 ST04 ST06 PC08 GV12 GV27 LI07 Z 20 ST44
.680 .492 .455 .421 .346 .301 .289 .282 .256 .241
021100 TOOTH, GUM /
44 References / 170 Points / Rating .959
LI04 ST06 ST07 ST44 ST05 CV24 SI18 LI03 LI11 ST03
.891 .874 .822 .616 .410 .386 .299 .296 .296 .296
021124 TOOTH, UPPER /
10 References / 24 Points / Rating .950
LI04 ST07 ST06 ST44 SI18 LI20 ST02 ST36 GV26 SI05
.589 .589 .411 .411 .389 .316 .316 .211 .211 .200
021125 TOOTH, LOWER /
17 References / 35 Points / Rating .959
ST06 LI04 ST05 LI03 ST07 ST44 ST36 CV24 TH08 LI11
.699 .515 .472 .411 .288 .233 .184 .184 .153 .104
021200 TONGUE, SPEECH /
38 References / 179 Points / Rating .961
CV23 GV15 LI04 HT05 TH17 LI11 TH05 ST06 GB20 Z 21
.732 .641 .600 .501 .397 .392 .389 .345 .310 .247
021222 SALIVA, SALIVARY GLANDS ETC /
11 References / 34 Points / Rating .964
ST40 SP04 LV03 LI04 SI05 LI10 ST43 BL59 GB07 GB38
.283 .283 .283 .274 .255 .245 .189 .189 .189 .189
021300 MAXILLA /
25 References / 65 Points / Rating .960
LI04 ST02 ST07 ST03 ST06 LI20 ST04 SI18 GV26 ST44
.679 .675 .525 .508 .479 .450 .329 .317 .313 .279
021313 CHIN /
4 References / 12 Points / Rating .925
CV24 ST04 ST05 CV22 GV27 SI10 SI07 GB05 GB21 GV22
.730 .541 .541 .541 .541 .459 .270 .270 .270 .270
021315 MANDIBLE /
39 References / 110 Points / Rating .962
ST06 ST07 LI04 CV24 ST05 ST04 ST36 LV03 TH17 ST44
.773 .669 .640 .392 .381 .365 .315 .267 .248 .232
021316 TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT, MASSETER /
37 References / 76 Points / Rating .962
LI04 ST07 ST06 GB02 ST05 SI19 TH17 LV03 GV26 TH21
.705 .702 .654 .346 .323 .267 .261 .197 .194 .191
021317 MAXILLA, MANDIBLE /
33 References / 100 Points / Rating .967
ST06 ST07 LI04 ST02 ST04 ST03 CV24 ST05 LI20 ST44
.755 .755 .721 .508 .458 .442 .398 .386 .367 .332
030000 NECK AND CERVICAL SPINE /
49 References / 254 Points / Rating .963
GB20 GV14 LI04 BL10 SI03 LI11 OT01 GB21 GB39 SI15
.676 .540 .530 .489 .485 .468 .434 .413 .409 .381
030129 THYROID, PARATHYROID /
28 References / 110 Points / Rating .964
CV22 LI11 LI04 ST09 PC06 GB20 LI18 BL10 CV23 GV14
.567 .426 .422 .419 .385 .304 .289 .237 .237 .233
040000 THORACIC LIMB, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
48 References / 291 Points / Rating .983
LI11 LI15 TH05 LI04 SI03 TH04 HT03 PC07 LI10 OT05
.978 .879 .842 .792 .688 .669 .608 .606 .604 .604
040200 SHOULDER, SCAPULA, CLAVICLE /
45 References / 181 Points / Rating .960
LI15 LI11 TH14 SI11 SI09 LI04 OT01 SI10 OT05 BL11
.873 .713 .625 .507 .491 .470 .449 .417 .403 .396
040300 AXILLA /
17 References / 40 Points / Rating .959
HT01 GB40 GB42 GB22 SI09 PC01 GB38 PC05 LI15 TH12
.460 .411 .405 .362 .344 .344 .276 .184 .160 .160
040400 ARM, HUMERUS /
33 References / 167 Points / Rating .961
LI11 LI15 LI04 SI09 SI11 TH06 LI10 TH08 LI14 PC03
.874 .659 .451 .429 .394 .391 .391 .360 .353 .328
040500 ELBOW /
42 References / 126 Points / Rating .967
LI11 TH05 LI04 HT03 LU05 LI10 OT01 LI12 TH10 SI07
.852 .520 .453 .453 .404 .404 .335 .313 .310 .239
040600 FOREARM, RADIUS, ULNA /
27 References / 106 Points / Rating .948
LI11 HT03 LI10 LI04 PC06 HT07 PC03 TH05 SI08 TH09
.707 .676 .672 .563 .559 .434 .434 .422 .367 .363
040700 WRIST, CARPUS /
36 References / 97 Points / Rating .967
TH04 TH05 LI04 PC07 LI05 LU07 SI04 PC06 LI11 OT01
.690 .500 .422 .391 .330 .307 .273 .250 .247 .247
040800 HAND, PALM /
32 References / 101 Points / Rating .953
LI04 LI11 A 22 SI03 PC07 LI03 PC08 SI04 TH03 PC06
.564 .380 .380 .338 .302 .292 .289 .213 .213 .193
040900 FINGER /
38 References / 130 Points / Rating .958
LI04 A 22 SI03 LI03 TH05 SI04 SI07 PC07 PC06 TH04
.555 .536 .503 .409 .401 .371 .368 .365 .354 .349
050000 THORAX AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
53 References / 431 Points / Rating .962
PC06 BL13 BL17 ST36 LI11 LI04 GV14 GB34 GB20 HT07
.812 .808 .808 .755 .741 .733 .722 .696 .688 .682
050001 THORAX, CHEST, RIBS, STERNUM /
44 References / 231 Points / Rating .975
GB34 PC06 TH06 BL18 CV17 BL17 LV13 BL14 LV14 BL15
.746 .730 .615 .515 .492 .401 .401 .375 .361 .347
050002 THORACIC SPINE, BACK AREA /
38 References / 203 Points / Rating .958
GV14 BL40 OT01 GV12 OT05 GV13 X 35 GV09 BL60 OT06
.505 .473 .407 .404 .401 .398 .349 .338 .330 .269
050200 HEART, PERICARDIUM /
39 References / 242 Points / Rating .964
PC06 HT07 BL15 HT05 PC05 ST36 BL14 PC07 PC04 CV17
.843 .766 .633 .556 .492 .457 .452 .449 .439 .439
050228 CIRCULATION, BLOOD PRESSURE /
36 References / 142 Points / Rating .958
LI11 ST36 LV03 GB20 ST09 PC06 SP06 KI01 CV12 HT07
.690 .687 .545 .539 .406 .400 .342 .328 .313 .299
050229 ARTERIES, VEINS, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ISCHAEMIA /
14 References / 123 Points / Rating .914
ST36 GB20 BL10 CV06 SP06 GV20 GB21 LV03 GV14 OT05
.797 .719 .570 .523 .500 .500 .492 .453 .438 .438
050300 OEDEMA, FLUID RETENTION, ASCITES /
25 References / 114 Points / Rating .952
SP09 CV09 KI07 BL23 ST36 BL20 ST25 SP06 CV05 CV08
.647 .597 .559 .517 .475 .445 .441 .437 .349 .315
050400 BLOOD, BODY DEFENCES, HAEMORRHAGE, THYMUS ETC /
29 References / 111 Points / Rating .959
BL17 ST36 BL20 LI04 LI11 CV04 GV14 SP06 CV06 SP10
.752 .680 .464 .410 .410 .392 .374 .335 .306 .284
050500 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNG, COUGH, PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA
ETC / 48 References / 345 Points / Rating .963
BL13 GV14 CV22 LI04 LU05 LU07 CV17 ST40 BL12 PC06
.831 .797 .736 .725 .710 .686 .667 .641 .602 .587
050541 PLEURA /
15 References / 144 Points / Rating .913
BL42 BL47 BL43 KI23 ST12 KI22 BL13 BL11 GB22 GB44
.628 .628 .620 .620 .555 .555 .533 .482 .482 .482
050543 TRACHEA /
21 References / 49 Points / Rating .938
CV22 ST40 LI04 BL13 LU02 GV14 BL11 LU07 CV17 PC06
.670 .401 .386 .365 .244 .234 .223 .183 .183 .152
050544 BRONCHI, LUNG, PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA /
44 References / 251 Points / Rating .966
BL13 CV22 CV17 GV14 LU05 BL12 PC06 LI04 LU07 ST36
.816 .753 .725 .602 .562 .544 .532 .494 .466 .452
050545 COUGH GENERAL /
41 References / 198 Points / Rating .961
BL13 LU05 LU07 ST40 CV22 LU10 GV12 BL12 CV17 GV14
.627 .622 .599 .586 .548 .343 .343 .338 .338 .327
050600 OESOPHAGUS /
20 References / 96 Points / Rating .935
PC06 BL17 ST36 LI04 CV17 LI10 BL10 CV12 CV22 BL20
.604 .487 .412 .401 .390 .337 .337 .337 .326 .294
050700 DIAPHRAGM /
34 References / 86 Points / Rating .962
BL17 PC06 CV12 ST36 CV15 CV17 LV14 GB24 ST13 CV22
.728 .569 .419 .355 .355 .324 .318 .291 .263 .245
060000 ABDOMEN AND BACK, ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
53 References / 489 Points / Rating .966
ST36 SP06 CV12 CV04 BL23 PC06 GB34 CV03 CV06 ST25
.969 .961 .924 .922 .908 .885 .850 .850 .830 .826
060141 ABDOMEN UPPER, EPIGASTRIC, HYPOCHONDRIAC AREA /
28 References / 115 Points / Rating .979
ST36 PC06 CV12 BL21 BL51 GB34 BL23 LV13 LV01 BL18
.639 .569 .526 .420 .288 .182 .168 .168 .164 .164
060142 ABDOMEN MIDDLE, PERIUMBILICAL AREA /
18 References / 65 Points / Rating .989
SP14 ST36 ST25 CV06 CV08 CV07 BL23 BL25 GB34 CV04
.388 .382 .331 .281 .225 .169 .112 .112 .112 .112
060143 ABDOMEN LOWER /
38 References / 132 Points / Rating .961
ST36 L 13 SP06 ST25 CV04 LI11 ST37 CV03 SP13 CV06
.710 .542 .499 .493 .438 .340 .241 .238 .236 .236
060200 DORSO-LUMBAR SPINE AND AREA /
31 References / 150 Points / Rating .968
BL40 BL23 X 35 BL60 OT01 BL37 GB30 GV14 OT05 OT06
.523 .447 .397 .363 .230 .230 .230 .230 .227 .197
060228 COCCYGEAL AREA /
9 References / 34 Points / Rating .911
BL34 BL40 SI06 BL30 OT01 BL37 X 35 OT05 OT06 BL35
.683 .610 .488 .488 .488 .366 .366 .366 .366 .317
060231 LOWBACK (LUMBO-SACRAL, RENAL, SACRO-ILIAC), LUMBAR, SACRAL SPINE /
49 References / 250 Points / Rating .963
BL23 BL40 GB30 BL60 GB34 BL25 BL37 GV04 BL57 BL31
.879 .862 .761 .701 .678 .672 .617 .553 .515 .506
060232 WAIST, FLANK AREA /
13 References / 76 Points / Rating .962
GB34 GB40 BL40 GB30 GB41 ST36 BL23 GB39 LV02 LV13
.944 .480 .448 .448 .320 .312 .280 .232 .232 .232
060300 LIVER (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, JAUNDICE, ACETONAEMIA ETC) /
35 References / 158 Points / Rating .951
BL18 LV03 BL19 GV09 BL20 ST36 LV13 GB34 BL48 SP06
.793 .748 .736 .640 .598 .550 .483 .471 .399 .378
060323 GALLBLADDER, BILEDUCTS (INFLAMMATION, CALCULI, OBSTRUCT-ION ETC) /
34 References / 102 Points / Rating .956
BL19 ST36 GB34 L 23 PC06 GV09 GB24 LV03 BL18 GB40
.717 .689 .671 .548 .474 .471 .412 .400 .363 .348
060400 SPLEEN /
25 References / 65 Points / Rating .948
BL20 ST36 LV13 BL51 SP06 CV12 PC06 X 16 LV03 BL22
.603 .553 .397 .287 .241 .241 .228 .211 .207 .190
060410 PANCREAS, DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPO- & HYPER- GLYCAEMIA /
28 References / 91 Points / Rating .950
KI02 CV12 BL23 ST36 SP06 CV04 BL20 BL18 BL17 X 12
.429 .417 .414 .398 .391 .391 .387 .383 .316 .301
060500 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT /
49 References / 343 Points / Rating .963
ST36 ST25 PC06 CV12 CV06 SP06 CV04 BL21 TH06 BL20
.945 .875 .835 .811 .718 .697 .672 .604 .597 .572
060503 INDIGESTION, INAPPETANCE, NAUSEA, VOMITING /
44 References / 287 Points / Rating .959
ST36 PC06 CV12 ST25 SP06 CV06 BL21 BL20 SP04 LI04
.986 .872 .860 .666 .595 .590 .581 .569 .438 .422
060542 PAIN, COLIC, SPASM IN ABDOMEN OR ITS ORGANS, PERITONITIS /
52 References / 344 Points / Rating .965
ST36 CV12 SP06 PC06 CV04 ST25 CV06 BL23 BL21 CV03
.849 .843 .829 .729 .671 .655 .633 .629 .588 .554
060543 DIARRHOEA, DYSENTERY, CONSTIPATION /
43 References / 215 Points / Rating .963
ST25 ST36 CV04 CV12 SP06 TH06 CV06 BL25 CV08 SP09
.930 .867 .722 .657 .635 .611 .609 .529 .490 .454
060600 STOMACH AND DUODENUM /
46 References / 250 Points / Rating .961
ST36 CV12 PC06 ST25 BL21 CV13 CV06 BL20 SP04 SP06
.941 .912 .747 .692 .690 .491 .473 .455 .428 .412
060700 SMALL INTESTINE, APPENDIX, CAECUM, COLON, RECTUM /
39 References / 213 Points / Rating .959
ST36 ST25 BL25 CV04 L 13 CV12 BL27 PC06 SP15 ST37
.832 .791 .644 .580 .556 .532 .511 .444 .441 .436
060752 ANUS, TENESMUS, PROLAPSE, PILES /
38 References / 132 Points / Rating .961
GV01 BL57 GV20 BL32 SP06 BL25 BL31 BL33 BL30 BL34
.847 .770 .718 .496 .474 .455 .419 .419 .389 .370
060753 INGUINAL AREA, GROIN /
21 References / 91 Points / Rating .943
LV01 SP11 SP12 SP13 ST30 KI11 LV03 LV04 LV06 SP06
.480 .384 .348 .298 .293 .288 .278 .253 .253 .232
060754 PERINAEUM /
19 References / 68 Points / Rating .932
BL32 GV01 BL31 BL30 BL33 BL34 LV01 LV10 SP06 ST36
.316 .299 .271 .260 .226 .226 .226 .226 .215 .209
060755 MALE & FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND PUBIC AREA /
23 References / 86 Points / Rating .948
CV04 CV03 SP06 LV08 CV07 LV04 LV12 CV01 LV02 LV01
.683 .606 .431 .353 .344 .312 .303 .275 .257 .252
060800 UROGENITAL (GENERAL CONDITIONS) /
50 References / 290 Points / Rating .964
SP06 CV04 BL23 CV03 CV06 BL28 KI03 BL32 ST36 SP09
.979 .880 .863 .757 .676 .660 .637 .620 .566 .564
060900 URINARY TRACT AND FUNCTIONS /
47 References / 235 Points / Rating .964
SP06 BL23 BL28 CV03 CV04 CV06 KI03 SP09 CV02 BL32
.925 .808 .702 .702 .700 .611 .570 .536 .459 .426
061000 GENITALIA FEMALE AND REPRODUCTION /
41 References / 232 Points / Rating .959
SP06 CV04 GV04 CV06 SP10 CV03 GB26 BL32 LV03 ST36
.863 .781 .585 .580 .565 .555 .517 .509 .506 .491
061100 PREGNANCY: CONDITIONS OF /
25 References / 81 Points / Rating .952
BL67 ST36 PC06 LV03 SP04 SP06 BL18 CV17 CV12 KI21
.542 .475 .445 .273 .235 .223 .197 .197 .193 .189
061101 PREGNANCY: FORBIDDEN/ABORTION Points /
23 References / 71 Points / Rating .957
SP06 LI04 BL67 BL60 LV03 BL32 ST36 CV04 CV03 BL31
.745 .623 .623 .436 .427 .305 .259 .259 .241 .218
061125 PARTURITION /
26 References / 47 Points / Rating .958
SP06 LI04 BL67 BL60 BL32 LV03 BL31 ST36 SP09 BL62
.735 .655 .558 .382 .353 .349 .313 .241 .197 .157
061126 POST-PARTUM CONDITIONS /
27 References / 120 Points / Rating .963
SP06 GV20 CV04 Y 16 CV02 LV01 CV03 CV07 Y 18 CV06
.635 .485 .481 .462 .442 .415 .392 .331 .308 .304
061200 MAMMARY FEMALE /
27 References / 101 Points / Rating .978
CV17 SI01 ST18 GB41 ST36 ST16 SP18 LI04 LV03 GB21
.777 .625 .621 .371 .333 .284 .284 .261 .223 .212
061300 MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION /
45 References / 210 Points / Rating .962
SP06 CV04 CV03 CV06 SP10 ST36 BL23 LV03 BL32 BL33
.917 .824 .776 .674 .651 .515 .510 .467 .464 .464
061316 MENOPAUSE: GENERAL Points FOR FLUSHES & MENOPAUSAL PROBLEMS /
7 References / 11 Points / Rating .914
ST36 SP06 CV04 LI04 PC06 GB21 CV03 SP10 LV14 CV05
.609 .609 .609 .313 .156 .156 .156 .141 .141 .141
061400 REPRODUCTION MALE (IMPOTENCE, SPERMATORRHOEA ETC ) /
42 References / 180 Points / Rating .964
SP06 CV04 BL23 CV03 CV06 BL32 GV04 BL33 BL31 ST36
.953 .877 .859 .728 .662 .590 .565 .558 .543 .531
061500 GENITALIA MALE /
25 References / 137 Points / Rating .956
SP06 CV03 CV04 ST29 BL32 BL33 BL34 LV01 BL31 LV04
.854 .753 .707 .611 .565 .485 .481 .473 .444 .431
070000 PELVIC LIMB , ITS ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS /
52 References / 330 Points / Rating .965
GB34 ST36 GB30 SP06 BL60 BL40 BL57 GB39 GB31 KI03
.940 .884 .841 .809 .793 .773 .751 .735 .691 .687
070200 BUTTOCK /
18 References / 80 Points / Rating .956
GB30 BL36 OT01 ST36 BL23 BL54 BL37 OT05 BL40 BL60
.564 .407 .401 .285 .285 .285 .285 .233 .174 .174
070239 HIP /
37 References / 100 Points / Rating .968
GB30 GB34 GB29 GB31 BL40 BL60 OT01 GB39 ST36 LV08
.888 .595 .408 .380 .352 .304 .279 .274 .193 .176
070240 THIGH, FEMUR /
27 References / 124 Points / Rating .963
GB30 GB31 GB34 LV08 ST36 BL23 LV11 BL40 BL37 SP06
.773 .585 .519 .512 .458 .400 .362 .335 .304 .300
070300 KNEE, POPLITEAL /
44 References / 146 Points / Rating .968
GB34 BL40 L 16 ST35 SP09 ST36 ST34 LV08 OT01 GB31
.864 .608 .596 .568 .479 .390 .383 .380 .272 .251
070315 PATELLA /
4 References / 21 Points / Rating .975
SP09 SP10 GB33 OT01 OT05 BL40 LV08 BL11 ST30 SP05
.769 .769 .769 .769 .744 .513 .513 .487 .256 .256
070400 LEG, CALF /
47 References / 208 Points / Rating .962
BL57 GB34 ST36 SP06 BL40 GB30 BL60 GB39 ST32 LV03
.701 .657 .555 .553 .509 .480 .363 .314 .292 .237
070417 TIBIA, FIBULA /
17 References / 63 Points / Rating .965
ST36 GB35 GB34 GB37 BL40 LV03 GB36 GB30 BL62 LV02
.543 .402 .366 .360 .348 .305 .287 .244 .226 .226
070429 ACHILLES AREA, HEEL /
17 References / 58 Points / Rating .971
BL60 KI03 BL57 BL61 KI04 SP06 OT01 ST36 ST41 BL40
.606 .594 .545 .352 .352 .303 .303 .182 .182 .182
070500 ANKLE, TARSUS /
40 References / 112 Points / Rating .973
BL60 ST41 KI03 GB39 GB40 SP06 BL57 OT01 ST36 SP05
.769 .725 .555 .506 .427 .360 .355 .280 .254 .252
070503 TARSAL-METATARSAL /
15 References / 38 Points / Rating .967
GB41 OT01 ST41 OT05 BL59 KI06 GB40 BL60 SP05 KI03
.483 .483 .414 .414 .338 .269 .269 .262 .207 .200
070600 METATARSAL, FOOT /
36 References / 138 Points / Rating .956
BL60 KI03 LV03 SP06 BL57 ST41 GB39 OT01 ST42 GB41
.608 .570 .462 .448 .395 .363 .337 .317 .308 .308
070608 TOE /
34 References / 118 Points / Rating .965
L 08 SP04 SP06 LV03 OT05 ST36 GB34 OT01 BL60 SP05
.454 .378 .360 .351 .299 .268 .241 .241 .207 ."01
080000 SKIN /
38 References / 223 Points / Rating .963
LI11 LI04 SP10 SP06 ST36 BL40 GV14 OT05 BL13 GB20
.836 .710 .689 .522 .503 .495 .380 .374 .325 .273
080124 HAIR,SKIN : ALOPECIA;BALDNESS;HAIRLOSS;OPPILATION /
9 References / 66 Points / Rating .956
BL16 BL40 GB20 OT05 LI04 BL10 CV12 ST36 BL43 CV04
.547 .419 .349 .349 .233 .233 .233 .221 .221 .221
090100 FEVERS /
37 References / 195 Points / Rating .959
GV14 LI11 LI04 PC05 BL40 GV13 A 01 PC09 LI01 LU10
.932 .907 .786 .468 .437 .431 .420 .408 .403 .389
090101 CHILLS /
17 References / 100 Points / Rating .929
GV14 ST36 LI04 GV16 BL40 HT06 GB25 LI11 TH04 BL12
.791 .551 .544 .481 .418 .354 .241 .234 .222 .215
090200 SWEATING PROBLEMS /
26 References / 94 Points / Rating .954
KI07 LI04 HT06 SI03 SP02 LV02 LU08 LU10 LU11 GV14
.815 .536 .460 .383 .278 .270 .185 .185 .181 .149
090300 INFECTIONS: MALARIA,TB,CHOLERA,TYPHOID,TYPHUS,HERPES,RU-BELLA,
VARI-CELLA ETC / 34 References / 195 Points / Rating .965
GV14 ST36 PC05 LI04 SI03 LI11 GV13 PC06 SP06 CV12
.726 .680 .616 .576 .543 .530 .497 .460 .375 .345
090400 IMMUNITY /
12 References / 19 Points / Rating .933
ST36 LI04 GV14 SP06 LI11 CV04 BL18 BL19 BL23 CV06
.598 .580 .580 .321 .313 .250 .179 .179 .179 .179
090410 TONIC EFFECTS /
28 References / 156 Points / Rating .957
ST36 CV06 CV04 BL43 BL20 PC06 BL23 LI04 SP06 LI11
.821 .451 .448 .444 .246 .243 .228 .216 .209 .198
090419 GANGRENE, ISCHAEMIA OF EXTREMITIES /
11 References / 33 Points / Rating .973
OT02 OT05 A 22 L 08 LI11 HT03 GB34 SP09 SP06 BL43
.467 .458 .374 .374 .364 .364 .364 .280 .178 .178
090420 LYMPHADENOPATHY /
12 References / 32 Points / Rating .917
ST36 HT03 BL60 SP06 GB39 OT02 ST31 PC01 LI01 LI13
.264 .236 .236 .182 .182 .182 .173 .173 .155 .155
090500 BONES, JOINTS (GENERAL) /
34 References / 214 Points / Rating .959
OT05 OT06 ST36 LI04 OT01 GB34 LI11 TH05 BL11 BL23
.669 .491 .479 .463 .457 .423 .417 .325 .322 .298
090600 MUSCLE, TENDON, SOFT TISSUES (GENERAL)
28 References / 133 Points / Rating .946
OT05 OT01 GB34 ST36 OT06 LI04 LV03 LI11 SP06 OT03
.600 .540 .491 .438 .389 .385 .321 .317 .287 .275
090700 ANALGESIA, PAIN CONTROL (GENERAL) /
23 References / 78 Points / Rating .957
LI04 ST36 LI11 TH05 OT05 SP06 LV03 GB34 A 22 GB38
.482 .436 .355 .341 .341 .314 .273 .264 .227 .209
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